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1 1. Twitter™ is a registered trademark of Twitter, Inc. of San Francisco, California. Twitter technology is a social networking and micro-blogging service where users can read and post text-based messages (called “tweets”) of 140 characters or less. See Twitter.com.

2 2. Spam statistics and facts. Spamlaws.com. Retrieved from, https://www.spamlaws.com/spam-stats.html.

3 3. Abramovich, G. (2020, February 19). If you think email is dead, think again. Insights from Adobe. Retrieved from, https://blog.adobe.com/en/publish/2019/09/08/if-you-think-email-is-dead--think-again.html#gs.0vj27o.

4 4. An alternate email option is to create and use one of Google’s Gmail accounts with a 7.3 GigaByte storage capacity. With this account capacity, one would probably never need to delete or edit received email. The downside is that one’s email is stored in a Google server in the internet “cloud” with attendant privacy and security issues. See Chapter 12 on privacy and security for further discussion of these topics.

5 5. Friedman, T. (2006, July 5). The age of interruption. The New York Times. Retrieved from, http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E03EFDA1230F936A35754C0A9609C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print.

6 6. Neiger, P. (2017, November 20). Six jaw-dropping facts about workplace interruptions and what you can do. Training. Retrieved from, https://trainingmag.com/6-jaw-dropping-facts-about-workplace-interruptions-and-what-you-can-do. This article offers five useful options for carving out uninterrupted time at work to think and write.

7 7. Brown, E. (2018, July 23). How website filtering affects workplace productivity. ZDNet.com. Retrieved from, https://www.zdnet.com/article/how-website-filtering-affects-workplace-productivity.

8 8. Merton, R. K. (1936, December). The unanticipated consequences of purposive social action, American Sociological Review, 1(6), pp. 894–904.

9 9. Hafner, K., & Lyon, M. (1996). Where wizards stay up late: The origins of the internet. New York: Touchstone.

10 10. Abbate, J. (2002). Inventing the internet. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 106–107.

11 11. Ibid.

12 12. Ellul, J. (1964). The technological society. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. First published in French in 1954 by Librairie Armand Colin in Paris.

13 13. Ibid., p. xxv.

14 14. Fasching, D. J. (1981). The thought of Jacques Ellul: A systematic exposition. New York: Edwin Mellen Press, p. 17.

15 15. Ellul, J. (1962, Fall). The technological order. Technology and Culture, 3(4), p. 412.

16 16. Ibid.

17 17. Ellul, Op. cit., p. 22.

18 18. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2019). Global warming of 1.5° C. Retrieved from, https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15.

19 19. Pannasch, D. (2018, October 5). Is your phone increasing fatigue and irritability? Authority Magazine. Retrieved from, https://medium.com/authority-magazine/is-your-phone-increasing-fatigue-and-irritability-while-decreasing-your-ability-to-focus-bcc4382c0cc1.

20 20. Postman, N. (1992). Technopoly: The surrender of culture to technology. New York: Vintage.

21 21. Ibid., p. 71.

22 22. Ibid., p. 70.

23 23. Postman lived in an age of computerization, but wrote 18 books by hand in notebooks with a felt-tip pen, did not own a computer, and never used email – a remarkable achievement in this era of almost universal computer use in the academy. Source: Rosen, J. (2003). Neil Postman (1931–2003): Some recollections. Press Think. Retrieved from, http://archive.pressthink.org/2003/10/07/postman_life.html.

24 24. Thomas, L. (1979). The Medusa and the snail: More notes of a biology watcher. New York: Viking Press, p. 110.

25 25. Noble, S. U. (2018). Algorithms of oppression: How search engines reinforce racism. New York: New York University Press, pp. 1–14.

26 26. Ibid., p. 1.

27 27. Joy, B. (2000, April). Why the future doesn’t need us. Wired. Retrieved from, http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/8.04/joy.html.

28 28. Sale, K. (1996). Rebels against the future: The Luddites and their war on the Industrial Revolution. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

29 29. If the canary keeled over in its cage due to exposure to poison gasses in the mine shaft, the miners made a hasty retreat until the area could be properly ventilated. The canaries were not harmed in the process. Their cages contained small bottles of fresh air which were used to revive the tiny birds. They were too valuable to the miners to let them suffer any harm.

30 30. Joy, Op. cit.