Читать книгу Foundations of Chemistry - Philippa B. Cranwell - Страница 124

Permanent dipole–permanent dipole interactions are stronger than London dispersion forces but weaker than hydrogen bonds. These interactions occur through space and are purely electrostatic with a δ+ charge in one molecule interacting with a δ− charge in another molecule. Figure 2.29 shows the permanent dipoles set up in HCl molecules, where the chlorine atom is more electronegative than the hydrogen atom. Permanent dipole–permanent dipole interactions are formed between the oppositely charged ends of molecules.

Figure 2.29 Permanent dipoles in the hydrogen chloride molecule and resultant permanent dipole–permanent dipole interactions.