Читать книгу Foundations of Chemistry - Philippa B. Cranwell - Страница 131

 There are three main types of chemical bonding: metallic, covalent, and ionic. Metallic bonding can be described by a lattice of positive metal ions held together by a sea of negative electrons.

 Ions are formed when atoms lose or gains electrons.

 Ionic bonding occurs between positive and negative ions held together in a regular lattice by electrostatic forces.

 Covalent bonding occurs when atoms share one or more pair of electrons.

 Dative covalent bonding occurs when one atom provides both electrons to another atom capable of accepting them.

 Covalent bonding results in simple molecular and giant molecular structures.

 VSEPR is a theory that allows the prediction of shapes of molecules based upon the arrangement of pairs of electrons around the central atom.

 The type of bonding in a compound determines its physical properties.

 A polar bond is one that has a permanent dipole moment due to a difference in electronegativities between the atoms in the bond.

 A polar molecule possesses an overall dipole moment.

 Intramolecular forces are the strong forces within a molecule that hold the atoms together.

 Intermolecular forces are weak forces between molecules that hold them together.

 There are three main types of intermolecular forces: instantaneous dipole to induced dipole, permanent dipole to permanent dipole, and hydrogen bonding.