Читать книгу Foundations of Chemistry - Philippa B. Cranwell - Страница 79

1 What are the relative mass and charge of a proton, a neutron, and an electron?

2 How many protons, neutrons, and electrons do the following atoms and ions contain?

3 Define the term isotope. Include an example in your answer.

4 Zinc exists as five naturally occurring isotopes: 64Zn, 66Zn, 67Zn, 68Zn, and 70Zn, with abundances 49.2%, 27.7%, 4.0%, 18.5%, and 0.6%, respectively. Calculate the average relative atomic mass of zinc.

5 What are the three types of radiation that can be emitted by radioisotopes? Explain the difference between each type, and give any relevant equations.

6 222Rn undergoes alpha decay. Give the equation for this process.

7 Draw a clearly annotated diagram showing the shells of electrons in the following elements:ChlorineCalciumNeonCarbon

8 On a clearly annotated diagram, draw and label:A 1s orbitalThree 2p orbitalsFive 3d orbitals

9 Write the ground state electronic configurations for the following atoms or ions:SSrSe2−CoMnMg2+

10 State the elements that have the following ground state electronic configurations:1s22s22p21s22s22p63s23p31s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p6[Ar]3d54s1