Читать книгу Electromagnetic Waves 2 - Pierre-Noël Favennec - Страница 3

1 PrefaceFigure P.1. A wave bath envisaged by Michel Urien1

2 Chapter 1Figure 1.1. Total zenith attenuation in free space under clear sky (ITU-R report...Figure 1.2. HF telecommunication antenna (source: Wikipedia)Figure 1.3. a) TV antenna; b) VHF/UHF antennaFigure 1.4. a) Bluetooth dongle; b) omnidirectional Wi-Fi antenna; c) directiona...Figure 1.5. Reflector antennas and new embedded technologiesFigure 1.6. Reflector antennas and new embedded technologies (continued)Figure 1.7. Dipole antenna at millimeter frequencies (Houssemeddine et al. 2013)Figure 1.8. Terahertz bandFigure 1.9. Three major antenna technologiesFigure 1.10. Property of metamaterials (source: Wikipedia)Figure 1.11. Photonic crystals: a) 1D in one dimension; b) 2D in two dimensions;...Figure 1.12. Equivalent circuit in transmission (Thevenin)Figure 1.13. Equivalent circuit in reception (Thevenin)Figure 1.14. The impedance adaptation point according to the bandwidthFigure 1.15. a) Equivalent area for a parabolic antenna; b) equivalent area for ...

3 Chapter 2Figure 2.1. Coordinate systemFigure 2.2. Boundary conditions between two dielectric mediaFigure 2.3. Radiation of a distribution of charges and currentsFigure 2.4. Propagation of a linearly polarized plane waveFigure 2.5. Propagation of a) linear polarization; b) circular polarization; c) ...Figure 2.6. Representation of the vector electric fieldFigure 2.7. Imperfect linear polarizationFigure 2.8. Elliptical polarizationFigure 2.9. a) Spiral antenna in the L band. Printed lines λ /2 circular polariz...Figure 2.10. Evolution of the EM field on exiting a radiating apertureFigure 2.11. Variation of the Gaussian beam as a function of zFigure 2.12. MQ is the equiphase correction on the sphere to the quadratic term ...Figure 2.13. Radiation pattern as a function of distance from a circular apertur...Figure 2.14. The different zones

4 Chapter 3Figure 3.1. A few examples of hornsFigure 3.2. Potter bimode hornFigure 3.3. Example of a coaxial cable to rectangular/circular waveguide transit...Figure 3.4. Base waveguidesFigure 3.5. Electric field and magnetic field lines of fc mode in TEM modeFigure 3.6a. Guided and free propagationFigure 3.6b. a) Example of orthomode transduction or OMT; b) corrugated elliptic...Figure 3.7. With a square guide, we can reuse frequencies by orthogonal polariza...Figure 3.8. Example of losses as a function of the a/b ratio above 7 GHzFigure 3.9. Ridged guidesFigure 3.10. Basic smooth cylindrical waveguideFigure 3.11. Cutoff frequencies of the first ten modes for a circular guideFigure 3.12. Losses for different modes TEm,n and TMm,n for a guide 5.08 cm in d...Figure 3.13. Field line E for, respectively: a) hybrid mode HE11 for a corrugate...Figure 3.14. a) Reference access for “transmission” or “reception”; b) Reference...Figure 3.15. Principle of a matching deviceFigure 3.16. Matching device for a cable antennaFigure 3.17. Inductive and capacitive effects depending on the position of irise...Figure 3.18. For a dipole: a) operation of the sleeve balun; b) bazooka or sleev...Figure 3.19. Terrestrial coverage with onboard reflector antennas on satellites:...Figure 3.20a. Cassegrain antenna 13 m in diameter, illuminated by a corrugated h...Figure 3.20b. Radiation patterns in nominal polarization (copolarization) and cr...Figure 3.21. Radiation pattern of an SBFA antenna with diameter 2λ at 1.5 GHz in...Figure 3.22. Basic structure of a printed antennaFigure 3.23. Basic metal PIFAFigure 3.24. Radiation of the patch represented by two slots of width ΔLFigure 3.25. Wide-band structure ( ≈ 30%), multilayer with double polarizationFigure 3.26. a) Broadband Vivaldi antenna; b) and c) frequency-independent anten...Figure 3.27. Decreasing antenna size by elongating the current lines by means of...

5 Chapter 4Figure 4.1. Main parameters of an antennaFigure 4.2. Current distribution I(0) = Iin and effective height heff of a quart...Figure 4.3. Cold antennasFigure 4.4. Diagram showing the principle of a receiver chain

6 Chapter 5Figure 5.1. Main digital methods used by electromagnetic simulators (extract fro...Figure 5.2. Fields of application of the main digital techniques used. MLFMM = M...Figure 5.3. Spatial discretization of the system to be modeled (FDTD)Figure 5.4. Circulation of the field around the field Figure 5.5. Circulation of the field around the field Figure 5.6. Position of the fields and in Yee’s system (Francioso 2014)Figure 5.7. Representation of temporal discretizationFigure 5.8. So-called leapfrog diagram (iterative)Figure 5.9. FDTD algorithmFigure 5.10. Example of an ADE-FDTD algorithm (Francioso 2014)Figure 5.11. 2D linear interpolation10Figure 5.12. Linear interpolation for a triangular elementFigure 5.13. Example of a mesh for an elementary source in the Ku bandFigure 5.14. Tetrahedral base element serving to construct a 3D meshFigure 5.15. Zone of application of PO and GO on the lighted curved surface of a...Figure 5.16. Offset parabolic reflector lit by a horn (Feko 2009)Figure 5.17. Radiation pattern in nominal polarization and cross-polarization, c...Figure 5.18. Radiation pattern measured and calculated at the output from a 4-re...

7 Appendix 2Figure A2.1. Cartesian coordinate systemFigure A2.2. Cylindrical coordinate systemFigure A2.3. Spherical coordinate systemsFigure A2.4. Law of orientation of an elementary surface, corkscrew ruleFigure A2.5. Surface S intersected by a cone on a sphere with radius RFigure A2.6. Surface dS seen from point O at a distance rFigure A2.7. Cones with demi-angles at the apex α and α + dαFigure A2.8. Vectors forming angle θ between themFigure A2.9. Vector product P of two vectors and Figure A2.10. Circulation of a vector on a circuit (C)