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Fox and Zisman [33] introduced the well-known concept of critical surface tension, γ_c. In the method adopted by Zisman, the contact angles θ for a series of organic homologous liquids were measured on a solid. A plot of cos θ vs. surface tension of the liquids gave a straight line (Figure 2.6). The point of intersection of the straight line and the line through cos θ = 1 is the “critical surface tension” γ_c of the solid. All liquids whose surface tension is less than the critical surface tension will wet the substrate.

Figure 2.6 Zisman’s plot (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279532584_Analysis_of_the_Results_of_Surface_Free_Energy_Measurement_of_Ti6Al4V_by_Different_Methods/figures?lo=1).