Читать книгу A Concise Chronicle of Events of the Great War - R. P. P. Rowe - Страница 8
1916
ОглавлениеJan. 1 (Sat.)
The Russians gain successes on the Styr and the Strypa.
The Cameroons:—The British capture Jaunde (the capital of the German colony).
Jan. 2 (Sun.)
The Russians approach Czernowitz.
The British passenger steamer Glengyle is sunk by a submarine in the Mediterranean.
Jan. 4 (Tues.)
Lord Derby's report on the recruiting campaign in Great Britain is issued.
Mesopotamia:—The Kut relieving force advances from Ali-el-Gharb.
Jan. 5 (Wed.)
The Military Service Bill that inaugurates conscription is introduced in the British House of Commons.
The Russians advance in the Bukovina.
Jan. 6 (Thur.)
Recruiting for the 'Derby' groups reopens in Great Britain.
Mesopotamia:—The British relieving force defeats the Turks before Kut, but its further progress is checked by floods.
H.M.S. King Edward VII. (battleship) is sunk by a mine off the north coast of Scotland.
Jan. 8 (Sat.)
The evacuation of Gallipoli is completed (see Dec. 8, 1915).
The Russians capture Chartorysk (50 miles east of Kovel).
Jan. 10 (Mon.)
Montenegro:—The Austrians capture Mount Lovtchen.
Jan. 11 (Tues.)
A French force lands at Corfu to prepare for the transfer thither of Serbian troops from Albania.
The Caucasus:—The Russians advance on Erzerum.
Jan. 13 (Thur.)
Cettinje, the capital of Montenegro, is occupied by the Austrians.
Mesopotamia:—The Turks are again defeated before Kut.
Jan. 14 (Fri.)
An Austrian cruiser is sunk off Cattaro by a French submarine.
Jan. 15 (Sat.)
The first Serbian troops land at Corfu.
The steamship Ariadne is sunk by the Möwe.
Jan. 16 (Sun.)
A Russian success near Pinsk.
General Sarrail assumes command of the Allied forces at Salonika.
A battle begins in the Caucasus (near Erzerum) between the Russians and the Turks.
The liner Appam is captured by the Möwe off the Canaries (see Feb. 1 and March 4).
Jan. 17 (Mon.)
A Russian victory in the Caucasus: the Turks retire on Erzerum.
The Clan MacTavish is sunk by the Möwe.
Jan. 18 (Tues.)
Allied warships bombard Dedeagatch and Porto Lagos on the Bulgarian coast.
Jan. 21 (Fri.)
Mesopotamia:—Action of Um-el-Hannah: the Kut relieving force is repulsed.
Jan. 22 (Sat.)
Montenegro:—Antivari is taken by the Austrians.
Jan. 23 (Sun.)
The Austrians complete their possession of Montenegro by the occupation of Scutari.
Western Egypt:—A British column disperses the Senussi Arabs and burns their camp.
A German air-raid on Kent.
A French air-raid on Metz.
Jan. 24 (Mon.)
German attacks near Neuville meet with some success.
A French air-raid on Monastir.
Jan. 27 (Thur.)
The U.S.A. Government publishes a Note of protest against the British search of mails.
A German attack on the British near Loos is repulsed.
Jan. 29 (Sat.)
A Zeppelin raid on Paris.
Jan. 31 (Mon.)
A Zeppelin raid on the Midlands (67 killed); a Zeppelin, the £19, is wrecked in the North Sea while returning from the raid.
Feb. 1 (Tues.)
The British liner Appam arrives at Norfolk, Virginia, manned by a German prize crew.
A German air-raid on Salonika.
Feb. 2 (Wed.)
The Dutch steamer Artemis is torpedoed by a German submarine.
Feb. 3 (Thur.)
Mesopotamia:—Heavy fighting before Kut.
Feb. 4 (Fri.)
Heavy fighting round Dvinsk.
Feb. 8 (Tues.)
The Russians cross the Dniester.
The French cruiser Amiral Charnier is sunk by a mine or submarine off the Syrian coast.
Feb. 9 (Wed.)
A German air-raid on Ramsgate and Broadstairs. A British air-raid on Terhand.
Feb. 10 (Thur.)
The Military Service Act (instituting compulsory service for single men aged 19 to 30) comes into operation in Great Britain.
It is announced that Sir H. Smith-Dorrien resigns command in East Africa owing to ill-health (see Dec. 14, 1915), and that Lieut.-General J. Smuts is appointed to succeed him (see Jan. 28, 1917).
The Caucasus:—The Russian attack on Erzerum begins (see Feb. 16).
The reorganised Serbian army (75,000 troops) is successfully concentrated at Corfu.
British mine-sweepers are attacked off the Dogger Bank; the Arabis is sunk.
Feb. 11 (Fri.)
H.M.S. Arethusa (light cruiser) is sunk by a mine off the East Coast.
Feb. 12 (Sat.)
The Germans make several attempts to cross the Yser Canal.
German attacks near Vimy are repulsed.
Feb. 13 (Sun.)
The Caucasus:—A Russian success at Erzerum.
Feb. 14 (Mon.)
A German success at 'the Bluff,' near Ypres: the British lose trenches (see March 2).
An Austrian air-raid on Milan.
Feb. 16 (Wed.)
Verdun is cleared of its civilian population.
The Caucasus:—Erzerum is captured by the Russians (see Feb. 10).
Feb. 19 (Sat.)
German attacks are repulsed south of Arras and north of Ypres.
The Caucasus:—The Russians capture Akhlat and Mush, north-west of Lake Van (see Aug. 2).
The Cameroons:—The last German post in the Mora Mountains surrenders; this completes the occupation of the Cameroons by the Allies (see Aug. 25, 1914).
Feb. 20 (Sun.)
A German air-raid on Walmer and Lowestoft.
A British air-raid on Don, in Flanders.
Feb. 21 (Mon.)
The Battle of Verdun begins (see July 1).
A Zeppelin is destroyed near Revigny.
Feb. 22 (Tues.)
The Germans gain ground before Verdun, capturing Haumont Wood and the French salient north of Beaumont.
Feb. 23 (Wed.)
Portugal seizes interned German ships (see March 10).
Further German progress and French withdrawals before Verdun.
Feb. 24 (Thur.)
The French resist strongly before Verdun, but the German advance continues.
Feb. 25 (Fri.)
A critical day in the Battle of Verdun: Fort Douaumont is stormed by the Germans.
Feb. 26 (Sat.)
German attacks beyond Fort Douaumont are repulsed by the French; this ends the first stage of the Battle of Verdun.
Western Egypt:—The Senussi Arabs are defeated at Agagia.
The French transport Provence II. is sunk by a submarine in the Mediterranean with heavy loss of life.
Feb. 27 (Sun.)
Verdun:—A heavy bombardment by the Germans and some infantry fighting.
Durazzo is captured by the Austrians.
Persia:—Kermanshah is captured by the Russians (see July 2, 1916).
The P. & O. liner Maloja is sunk by a mine off Dover.
Feb. 29 (Tues.)
An action is fought in the North Sea between H.M.S. Alcantara (armed merchant cruiser) and the German raider Greif, in which both are sunk.
Mar. 1 (Wed.)
H.M.S. Primula (sloop) is sunk by a submarine in the Mediterranean.
Mar. 2 (Thur.)
A British success near Ypres: 'the Bluff' is recaptured (see Feb. 14).
Verdun:—The Germans capture the village of Douaumont.
The Caucasus:—Bitlis (south-west of Lake Van) is captured by the Russians (see Aug. 2).
Mar. 3 (Fri.)
Verdun:—The French reoccupy Douaumont village; the Germans attack the village of Vaux.
Mar. 4 (Sat.)
There is fierce fighting for the Hohenzollern Redoubt (near Loos).
Verdun:—The Germans again capture the village of Douaumont.
The German Admiralty announces the safe return of the raider Möwe.
Mar. 5 (Sun.)
Persia:—Sinneh is taken by the Russians.
A Zeppelin raid on the north-east coast of England.
Mar. 6 (Mon.)
Verdun:—The Germans advance up the northern slopes of the Côte de l'Oie.
Mar. 7 (Tues.)
A further German success at Verdun: Hill 265 is carried.
East Africa:—The British advance in the Kilimanjaro district.
The Caucasus:—Rizeh is captured by the Russians.
H.M.S. Coquette (destroyer) and the British torpedo boat No. 11 are sunk by mines off the east coast of England.
Mar. 8 (Wed.)
Heavy fighting at Verdun: the French regain ground.
Mesopotamia:—The second attempt to relieve Kut fails, the British being repulsed at Es Sinn.
The Caucasus:—The Russians advance towards Trebizond.
A French air-raid on Metz.
Mar. 9 (Thurs.)
Mesopotamia:—The British relieving force falls back from Es Sinn.
H.M.S. Fauvette (armed boarding-steamer) is sunk by a mine off the east coast of England.
Mar. 10 (Fri.)
Germany declares war on Portugal (see Feb. 23).
Mar. 11 (Sat)
East Africa:—Further British successes west of Taveta and near Kilimanjaro: the Germans retreat.
Mar. 12 (Sun.)
Persia:—Kerind is occupied by the Russians.
East Africa:—Moshi is occupied by the British.
Mar. 14 (Tues.)
The Caucasus:—The Russians occupy Mamakhatun (see May 31).
Egypt:—The British occupy Sollum.
Mar. 16 (Thurs.)
The resignation of Grand Admiral von Tirpitz as Head of the German Navy is announced. He is succeeded by Admiral von Capelle.
Verdun:—Heavy German attacks are repulsed.
The Dutch liner Tubantia is sunk by a German submarine.
Mar. 17 (Fri.)
A fresh German offensive is launched against Russia.
Egypt:—A motor force under the Duke of Westminster rescues British prisoners from the Senussi by a successful raid.
Mar. 18 (Sat.)
A German success at the Hohenzollern Redoubt.
The First Battle of Lake Narotch (east of Vilna) begins (see April 14).
The Dutch liner Palembang is sunk by a German submarine.
The French destroyer Renaudin is sunk by an enemy submarine in the Adriatic.
Allied air-raids on Metz and Zeebrugge.
Mar. 19 (Sun.)
Persia:—Ispahan is captured by the Russians.
An air-raid on Kent by German seaplanes (one destroyed).
Mar. 20 (Mon.)
Verdun:—Renewed German attacks fail.
Heavy fighting near Dvinsk and Riga.
An action is fought between British and German destroyers off the Belgian coast: the Germans run for Zeebrugge.
A big raid by Allied aeroplanes on Zeebrugge.
Mar. 22 (Wed.)
Verdun:—The Germans carry Avocourt Wood.
A Russian success near Dvinsk.
Mar. 24 (Fri.)
The Sussex (passenger steamer) is torpedoed in the Channel by a German submarine.
Mar. 25 (Sat.)
The Russians attack the Germans near Vilna.
A raid by British seaplanes, convoyed by light cruisers and destroyers, on German airship sheds in Schleswig-Holstein: the British destroyer Medusa is lost by collision, and two German patrol boats are sunk in the naval action which develops.
Mar. 27 (Mon.)
A Conference of the Allies is held in Paris.
A British success at St. Eloi: German trenches are captured (see April 7).
The Russians again attack near Vilna.
A German air-raid on Salonika.
Mar. 28 (Tues.)
Verdun:—The German attacks are renewed.
Mar. 30 (Thur.)
Verdun:—There is heavy fighting for Fort Douaumont; the Germans capture Malancourt.
The Russian hospital ship Portugal is sunk by an enemy submarine in the Black Sea.
Mar. 31 (Fri.)
The British G.H.Q. are moved from St. Omer to Montreuil.
A Zeppelin raid on England (which is followed by four more within a week). The Zeppelin £15 is brought down at the mouth of the Thames.
April 1 (Sat.)
Verdun:—The Germans gain ground at Fort Vaux.
A Zeppelin raid on the north-east coast of England.
April 2 (Sun.)
An explosion occurs in a munitions factory at Faversham, Kent (106 killed).
A Zeppelin raid on England and Scotland.
April 3 (Mon.)
A British success at St. Eloi.
A French success at Verdun.
The Caucasus:—A Russian attack on Trebizond begins (see April 18).
April 4 (Tues.)
Verdun:—The Germans attack at Douaumont and are repulsed.
General Brussiloff succeeds General Ivanoff in command of the Russian armies of the South.
A Zeppelin raid on the Eastern Counties.
April 5 (Wed.)
A Zeppelin raid on the north-east of England.
April 6 (Thur.)
Mesopotamia:—A third attempt is made to relieve Kut: the Um-el-Hannah and Falahiyah positions are captured.
April 7 (Fri.)
The Germans regain the trenches captured by the British at St. Eloi on March 27.
The Russians again attack the German lines near Vilna.
Macedonia:—The Allied positions on the Vardar are bombarded.
April 8 (Sat.)
Fierce fighting at Verdun: the French evacuate Bethincourt.
April 9 (Sun.)
The British regain ground at St. Eloi.
Verdun:—A fierce German attack on the Mort Homme.
Mesopotamia:—The first British attack on the Sanna-i-Yat position is repulsed.
April 10 (Mon.)
A British success at St. Eloi.
A critical day at Verdun: German attacks on the Mort Homme are repulsed.
April 11 (Tues.)
The Germans attack near Albert and continue their attacks at Verdun.
Italy:—The Alpini gain a success on the Adamello glacier.
April 12 (Wed.)
Mesopotamia:—The British make a second attack on the Sanna-i-Yat position: some ground is gained.
April 13 (Thur.)
Egypt:—Australian troops destroy a Turkish camp at Jifjaffa on the Egyptian frontier.
April 14 (Fri.)
The end of the First Battle of Lake Narotch (see March 18); it leads to little change of position.
British naval aeroplanes bomb Constantinople and Adrianople.
April 15 (Sat.)
A Russian success in the Caucasus.
April 16 (Sun.)
Verdun:—The French attack at Douaumont and regain ground.
April 17 (Mon.)
Fresh German attacks at Verdun, which gain ground.
The Italians capture the Col di Lana (Trentino).
Mesopotamia:—A Turkish counter-attack on the Tigris is partially successful.
April 18 (Tues.)
The Caucasus:—Trebizond is captured by the Russians (see April 8).
April 19 (Wed.)
Verdun:—German attacks at Les Eparges are repulsed.
A Note from the U.S.A. is presented to Germany demanding modification of her submarine policy (see May 4).
The Caucasus:—The Russians carry a strong enemy position west of Erzerum.
April 20 (Thur.)
The rebellion breaks out in Ireland (see May 1).
Verdun:—The French gain ground near Fort Vaux.
Russian troops reach Marseilles.
April 21 (Good Friday)
Sir Roger Casement is captured on the coast of Kerry, near Tralee (see June 26, Aug. 3).
April 22 (Sat.)
Mesopotamia:—A third British attack on the Sanna-i-Yat position is repulsed.
A British success in German East Africa, by which the occupation of the northern half of the colony is made secure.
April 23 (Easter Sunday)
An engagement at Katia on the Egyptian frontier.
April 24 (Mon.)
Riots in Dublin: the Sinn Feiners occupy the Post Office and St. Stephen's Green.
Mesopotamia (night of the 24th-25th):—An unsuccessful attempt is made to run a supply ship into Kut.
April 25 (Tues.)
German battle-cruisers bombard Lowestoft and Great Yarmouth; they are pursued home but escape in safety.
A Zeppelin raid on the eastern counties of England.
April 26 (Wed.)
Fighting in Dublin.
A Zeppelin raid on Kent.
April 27 (Thur.)
Martial law is proclaimed throughout Ireland.
H.M.S. Russell (battleship) is sunk by a mine off Malta.
H.M.S. Nasturtium (sloop) is sunk by a mine in the Mediterranean.
