Читать книгу Fundamentals of Solar Cell Design - Rajender Boddula - Страница 39

The direct plasmonic solar cells utilize plasmonic nanoparticles as active light absorbers. The hot charge carriers in plasmonic nanoparticles can be produced by excitation of SPR. The hot electrons can be introduced into semiconductor for converting sunlight into electric energy and hot holes can also be injected into a p-type semiconductor. The separation of charge carriers makes possible to use plasmonic nanostructures directly as photo absorbers. The metallic nanoparticles such as Au and Ag offers plasmonic band in visible range that can act as light harvesting antenna. Yocefu Hattori and Jacinto Sa have demonstrated direct plasmonic solar cell using gold surface plasmons [46]. Peafowl solar power company, a spinout company from Uppsala University, Sweden, has started to develop direct plasmonic transparent solar cells for commercial applications. The device configuration of this plasmonic solar cell is similar to traditional thin film PV cell. These plasmonic solar cells were manufactured inexpensively through a printing process at room temperature which can convert the light into electricity under very low light [47–49].

Figure 2.6 The device configuration of (a) direct and (b) plasmonic enhanced plasmonic solar cell and (c) plasmonic DSSC.

Figure 2.7 Efficiency for various plasmonic solar cell technology.

Table 2.3 Effect of various plasmonic nanostructures on solar cell technologies.

Solar cell technology	Plasmonic nanostructure	Mechanism	Efficiency (%)	Reference
Hot carrier cell	Au@TiO2/PEDOT	Direct plasmonic transparent active layer	0.2	[46] 2019
Au	Direct plasmonic as active layer	24	[59] Wu, 2013
Silicon	Ag with diameter 14-100 nm	At top surface	26	[27] Atwater HA, 2010 et al., 2010
Al	At top of surface	14.5	[53] 2013
Au	At top of surface	14	[115] Jacak, 2018
Ag	At top of surface	12.8	[115] Jacak, 2018
GaAs	Ag	At top of surface	22.15	[94] 2019
Ag	At top surface	5.9	[51] 2008
CIGS	Au	At top surface	4	[61] Londhe, 2016
Ag	At top surface	9.44	[115] Jacak, 2018
Au	At top surface	10.34	[115] Jacak, 2018
CdTe	Au	At top surface	9	[62] Kim, 2015
CZTS	Au	At back surface	9	[64] Omar, 2018
DSSC	Ag	Embedded with TiO2	3.62	[85] 2017
Au (15 nm)	Embedded with TiO2	4.46	[73] 2014
PEC	Au@TiO2	Emdded with TiO2 for oxygen evolution	40 (H atom per electron)	[88] 2012
Quantum dot	Ag@PdS	At top surface	6.03	[114] Kawawaki, 2015
Au@PbS	At top surface	9.58	[81] Chen, 2018
CdS@GaAs	At top surface	18.9	[82] Lin, 2012
Perovskites	Ag	At top surface	13.46	[107] Aliaksandr, 2018
Ag@TiO2	Embedded with TiO2	16.3	[113] Saliba, 2015
Au@coreshell	Embedded with core-shell structure	19.42	[87] 2020
Hybrid plasmonic	Au@AuQD:organic	At top surface	13	[83] Phetsang, 2019
Ag@TiO2@Pa	Embedded with core-shell structure	20.2	[86] 2019
Au@ZnO:OEC	Embedded	10.5	[89] 2016