Читать книгу Social Work Research Methods - Reginald O. York - Страница 139

Beneficence. The ethical principle that requires that we minimize harm and maximize benefits when engaging in the use of human subjects in research.

Causation. The influence of one variable on the other, as evidenced by three realities: there was found to be a relationship between the cause and the effect, the effect is not explained by other variables, and a change in this cause comes before a change in this effect.

Confidentiality (for research subjects). The practice of not reporting the identity of an individual who participated in a research study along with the information derived from that individual.

Cultural competence. Knowledge, values, and skills that recognize the influence of culture with regard to practice.

Ethics. Rules of behavior based on moral values.

Informed consent. The practice of ensuring that study subjects have given their consent and that they were clearly informed about risks.

Institutional review board. A body of people whose job is to review proposals for conducting research with the objective of protecting human subjects in research from harm, invasion of privacy, and/or coercion.

Justice. An ethical principle that requires us to design research that does not unduly target its risks to certain groups of people and fails to treat different types of people equably or fairly.

Privacy. Our ability to control access to information about ourselves.

Respect. An ethical principle that deals with autonomy and self-determination, so that potential research subjects are allowed to choose for themselves the risk that they will undertake.

Voluntary participation in research. Avoiding the coercion of people to participate in a research study, so that each participant is engaging in the research study on a voluntary basis.

Vulnerable population. A group of people who are vulnerable to feeling pressured to participate in a research study because of their social status, such as being in prison, living in a public housing project, or being a member of a minority group.