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There may be some environments where your Linux server won't have Internet access to contact the repository to automatically download packages. For example, often high‐security environments block all network traffic except internal traffic. In these environments, you'll need a way to manually install or update software packages.

The main tool for working with .rpm files is the rpm program. The rpm utility is a command‐line program to install, modify, and remove .rpm software packages. Its basic format is as follows:

rpm action [OPTION] package

Table 5.1 describes the actions for the rpm command.

TABLE 5.1: The rpm Command Actions

SHORT	LONG	DESCRIPTION
‐e	‐‐erase	Removes the specified package
‐F	‐‐freshen	Upgrades a package only if an earlier version already exists
‐i	‐‐install	Installs the specified package
‐q	‐‐query	Queries if the specified package is installed
‐U	‐‐upgrade	Installs or upgrades the specified package
‐V	‐‐verify	Verifies if the package files are present and the package's integrity

The following sections show how to use the rpm command to manually manage software packages.