Читать книгу A Manual of Philippine Birds - Richard C. McGregor - Страница 183

 Sterna hybrida Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. (1811), 2, 338.

 Hydrochelidon hybrida Saunders, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1896), 25, 10; Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Bds. (1898), 4, 307, fig. 70 (head); Sharpe, Hand-List (1899), 1, 33; Oates, Cat. Birds’ Eggs (1901), 1, 175; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 20.

Luzon (Meyer, Murray, Whitehead, McGregor); Mindanao (Bourns & Worcester, Mearns); Palawan (Whitehead, Steere Exp.); Negros (Whitehead). Southwestern, central, and southern Europe to China, Malay Archipelago, Australia, Africa.

“Adult male in breeding plumage.—Forehead, crown, and nape deep black; from the gape to the nape a conspicuous white streak; upper parts slate-gray, darker on the primaries, except when these are new and frosted; shafts white; inner webs of outer pairs of primaries white on the upper and greater part of the inner webs; upper tail-coverts gray; tail-feathers gray, with white outer webs to the outside pair; chin white or very pale gray; throat gray, darkening on the lower part; breast dark slate-gray, which deepens into black on abdomen and flanks; vent and under tail-coverts white; under wing-coverts white; axillars white with a faint tinge of gray. Bill blood-red; feet vermilion, drying to orange-color; webs deeply indented, but less so than in H. leucoptera. Length, 280; culmen, 35; wing, 235 to 241; tail, 96; tarsus, 23; middle toe with claw, 29.

“Indian birds, which are probably almost sedentary, are slightly smaller in size. Some of the birds resident in South Africa are of a distinctly darker hue both above and below than northern examples; Australian specimens, on the other hand, are inclined to be paler.

“Adult female.—Similar to the male, or a trifle paler in general tint.

“Adult in winter plumage.—Upper parts of a paler gray than in the breeding season; forehead white; crown and nape streaked and mottled with black; under parts entirely white; bill and feet reddish brown.

“Young in first plumage.—Crown and nape blackish brown, mantle mottled with brown and with warm cinnamon-brown edges to inner secondaries; tail slightly mottled and edged with ash-brown; the rest like the adult in winter. By December the brown markings are considerably diminished.

“Nestling.—Down at the base of bill black, forehead ruddy fawn-color; upper parts paler fawn, mottled and streaked with black; under parts white, except the throat, which is sooty black for a few days.” (Saunders.)

“Common about the Pasig River and Laguna de Bay. Several flocks were observed in Mindanao feeding over the paddy-fields.” (Bourns and Worcester MS.)