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Table of Contents

Introduction

I. History and Philosophy

The Ritual Practice of Formal Exercises

The Influence of Korean History on Original Koryo and Koryo Poomsae

Foreign Influences on Taekwondo Formal Exercises

The Evolution of the Kwans

Won Kuk Lee and the Chung Do Kwan. Institute of the Blue Waves

Hwang Kee and the Moo Duk Kwan. Institute of Martial Virtue

Byung In Yoon/Nam Suk Lee and the Chang Moo Kwan (Jung Ang YMCA Kwon Bop Bu). Institute of Brighten Martial Arts

Suh Chong Kang and the Kuk Moo Kwan. Institute of National Martial Arts

Byung Jik Ro and the Song Moo Kwan. Institute of Ever Youthful Martial Arts

Sang Sup Chun and the Ji Do Kwan (Chosun Yun Moo Kwan Kongsoodo Bu). Institute of the Wisdom Way

Choi Hong Hi and the Oh Do Kwan. Institute of My Way

Unification of the Kwans

The Globalization of Taekwondo

The Creation of Modern Taekwondo Poomsae

Philosophical Considerations of Modern Taekwondo Poomsae

Poomsae Philosophical Concepts and their Relationship to the Eight Trigrams of the I Ching

Attributes and Technical Performance of Taekwondo Poomsae

Instructional Methodology

II. Technical Elements of Original Koryo and Koryo

Stances

Ready Stance—Joonbi Seogi

Attention Stance—Cha Riot Seogi

Bow of Respect—Kyung Ne

Front Stance—Ap Koobi

Back Stance—Dwi Koobi

Horse Stance—Ju Choom Seogi

High Forward (Walking) Stance—Ap Seogi

Crane Stance—Hakdari Seogi

Front Cross Stance—Ap Koa Seogi

Blocks

Low Block—Arae Makki

Low Knife Hand Block—Sonnal Arae Makki

High Block—Olgool Makki

High Knife Hand Block—Sonnal Olgool Makki

Inside Middle Block—Ahn Momtong Makki

Single Knife Hand Middle Block—Hansonnal Momtong Makki

Knife Hand Middle Block—Sonnal Momtong Makki

Slightly Extended Knife Hand Middle Block Jogum Neulligi—Sonnal Momtong Makki

Spread Middle Block (Inner Arm)—Bakkat Palmok Hechyo Makki

Palm Heel Block—Batangson Makki

X Block—Otgolo Makki

Kicks

Front Kick—Ap Chagi

Jumping Front Kick—Twio Ap Chagi

Side Kick—Yop Chagi

Knee Kick—Moorub Chigi

Strikes

Reverse Punch—Bandae Jireugi

Double Punch—Doojumok Jireugi

Tiger Mount Strike—Akumson Jireugi

Round Elbow Strike—Dollyo Palgub Chigi

Side Elbow Strike—Yop Palgub Chigi

Outside Knife Hand Strike—Bakkat Sonnal Jireugi

Inside Knife Hand Strike—Ahn Sonnal Jireugi

Four Knuckle Fist Strike—Pyun Chumok Jireugi

Back Fist Strike—Doong Chumok Chigi

III. Original Koryo Poomsae

Line of Technical Motion

Joonbi: Ready Position (Parallel Stance)—Joonbi (Naranhi Seogi)

First Position

Slightly Extended Left Knife Hand Middle Block—Jogum Neulligi Wen Sonnal Momtong Makki

Second Position

Right Four Knuckle Fist Strike—Orun Pyung Chumok Jireugi

Third Position

Right Side Kick/Side Hammer Fist Strike—Orun Yop Chagi/Yop Me Chumok Jireugi

Fourth Position

Low X Block—Otgolo Arae Makki

Fifth Position

Right Hand High Block—Orun Olgool Makki

Sixth Position

Left Four Knuckle Fist Strike—Wen Pyung Chumok Jireugi

Seventh Position

Right Single Knife Hand Outside Middle Block/Reverse Punch—Orun Bakkat Hansonnal Momtong Makki/Bandae Jireugi

Eighth Position

Open Hand Head Grab/Left Knee Kick—Mori Japgo/Moorub Chigi

Ninth Position

Low X Block—Otgolo Arae Makki

Tenth Position

Inner Arm Spread Middle Block—Anpalmok Momtong Hechyo Makki

Eleventh Position

Extend Left Hand to Grab Opponent—Wen Son Neulligi

Twelfth Position

Right Round Elbow Strike/Left Single Knife Hand Low Block—Orun Dollyo Palgub Chigi/Wen Hansonnal Arae Makki

Thirteenth Position

Right Single Knife Hand Outside Middle Block—Orun Bakkat Hansonnal Momtong Makki

Fourteenth Position

Right Inside Middle Block—Orun Ahn Momtong Makki

Fifteenth Position

Left Inside Middle Block—Wen Ahn Momtong Makki

Sixteenth Position

Right Back Fist Strike—Orun Doong Chumok Chigi

Seventeenth Position

Left Outside Knife Hand High Block—Wen Bakkat Sonnal Olgool Makki

Eighteenth Position

Left Front Kick—Wen Ap Chagi

Nineteenth Position

Jumping Front Kick—Twio Ap Chagi

Twentieth Position

Double Middle Punch—Doobal Momtong Jireugi

Baro (Geuman): Ready Position (Parallel Stance)—Joonbi (Naranhi Seogi)

IV. Koryo Poomsae

Line of Technical Motion

Ready Position (Parallel Stance)—Joonbi (Naranhi Seogi)

Joonbi: Barrel Pushing Ready Stance—Tong Milgi Joonbi Seogi

First Position

Left Knife Hand Middle Block—Wen Sonnal Momtong Makki

Second Position

Double Side Kick (Right Low Side Kick/Right High Side Kick) Right Outside Knife Hand Strike—Kodeup Yop Chagi (Orun Arae Yop Chagi/Orun Olgool Yop Chagi) Orun Sonnal Bakkat Chigi

Third Position

Reverse Middle Punch—Bandae Jireugi

Fourth Position

Right Inside Middle Block—Orun Ahn Momtong Makki

Fifth Position

Right Knife Hand Middle Block—Sonnal Momtong Makki

Sixth Position

Double Side Kick (Left Low Side Kick/Left High Side Kick) Left Outside Knife Hand Strike—Kodeup Yop Chagi (Wen Arae Yop Chagi/Wen Olgool Yop Chagi) Wen Sonnal Bakkat Chigi

Seventh Position

Reverse Middle Punch—Bandae Jireugi

Eighth Position

Left Inside Middle Block—Wen Ahn Momtong Makki

Ninth Position

Left Single Knife Hand Low Block/Right Tiger Mouth Thrust—Wen Hansonnal Arae Makki/Orun Agwison Kaljaebi

Tenth Position

Right Front Kick/Right Single Knife Hand Low Block/Left Tiger Mouth Thrust—Orun Ap Chagi/Orun Hansonnal Arae Makki/Wen Agwison Kaljaebi

Eleventh Position

Left Front Kick/Left Single Knife Hand Low Block/Right Tiger Mouth Thrust—Wen Ap Chagi/Wen Hansonnal Arae Makki/Orun Agwison Kaljaebi

Twelfth Position

Right Front Kick/Knee Break—Orun Ap Chagi/Moorub Kkukki

Thirteenth Position

Inner Arm Spread Middle Block—Ahn Palmok Momtong Hechyo Makki

Fourteenth Position

Left Front Kick/Knee Break—Wen Ap Chagi/Moorub Kkukki

Fifteenth Position

Inner Arm Spread Middle Block—Anpalmok Momtong Hechyo Makki

Sixteenth Position

Left Outside Single Knife Hand Middle Block—Wen Hansonnal Bakkat Momtong Makki

Seventeenth Position

Right Target Punch—Orun Chumok Pyojeok Jireugi

Eighteenth Position

Right Forward Cross Stance/Left Side Kick/Left Low Spear Hand Strike (Palm Up)—Orun Koa Seogi/Wen Yop Chagi/Wen Pyeonsonkeut Jecheo Jireugi

Nineteenth Position

Right Low Block—Orun Arae Makki

Twentieth Position

Left Palm Heel Block/Right Side Elbow Attack—Wen Batangson Nullomakki/Orun Palgub Yop Chigi

Twenty-First Position

Right Single Outside Knife Hand Middle Block—Orun Hansonnal Bakkat Momtong Makki

Twenty-Second Position

Left Target Punch-Wen Chumok Pyojeok Jireugi

Twenty-Third Position

Left Forward Cross Stance/Right Side Kick/Right Low Spear Hand Strike (Palm Up)—Wen Koa Seogi/Orun Yop Chagi/Orun Pyeonsonkeut Jecheo Jireugi

Twenty-Fourth Position

Left Low Block—Wen Arae Makki

Twenty-Fifth Position

Right Palm Heel Block/Left Side Elbow Attack—Orun Batangson Nullomakki/Wen Palgub Yop Chigi

Twenty-Sixth Position

Left Hammer Fist Target Strike—Wen Me Chumok Arae Pyojeok Chigi

Twenty-Seventh Position

Left Outside Knife Hand Strike/Left Knife Hand Low Block—Wen Hansonnal Bakkat Chigi/Wen Hansonnal Arae Makki

Twenty-Eighth Position

Right Inside Knife Hand Strike/Right Knife Hand Low Block—Orun Hansonnal Bakkat Chigi/Orun Hansonnal Arae Makki

Twenty-Ninth Position

Left Inside Knife Hand Strike/Knife Hand Low Block—Wen Hansonnal Bakkat Chigi/Hansonnal Arae Makki

Thirtieth Position

Right Tiger Mouth Thrust—Orun Agwison Kaljaebi—KIHAP—

Baro (Geuman): Barrel Pushing Ready Stance—Tong Milgi Joonbi Seogi

Return to Ready Position (Parallel Stance)—Joonbi (Naranhi Seogi)

V. Original Koryo Combat Applications

COMBAT APPLICATION 1

Third Position

Right Side Kick/Side Hammer Fist Strike—Orun Yop Chagi/Yop Me Chumok Jireugi

Fourth Position

Low X Block—Otgolo Arae Makki

COMBAT APPLICATION 2

Eighth Position

Open Hand Head Grab/Left Knee Kick—Mori Japgo/Moorub Chigi

Ninth Position

Low X Block—Otgolo Arae Makki

COMBAT APPLICATION 3

Eleventh Position

Extend Left Hand to Grab Elbow—Wen Son Neulligi

Twelfth Position

Right Round Elbow Strike/Left Single Knife Hand Low Block—Orun Dollyo Palgub Chigi/Wen Sonnal Arae Makki

COMBAT APPLICATION 4

Sixteenth Position

Right Back Fist Strike—Orun Doong Chumok Chigi

Seventeenth Position

Left Outside Knife Hand High Block—Wen Bakkat Sonnal Olgool Makki

Eighteenth Position

Left Front Kick—Wen Ap Chagi

VI. Koryo Combat Applications

COMBAT APPLICATION 1

First Position

Left Knife Hand Middle Block—Wen Sonnal Momtong Makki

Second Position

Double Side Kick (Right Low Side Kick/Right High Side Kick) Right Outside Knife Hand Strike—Kodeup Yop Chagi (Orun Arae Yop Chagi/Orun Olgool Yop Chagi) Orun Sonnal Bakkat Chigi

Third Position

Reverse Middle Punch—Bandae Jireugi

Fourth Position

Right Inside Middle Block—Orun Ahn Momtong Makki

COMBAT APPLICATION 2

Twelfth Position

Right Front Kick/Knee Break—Orun Ap Chagi/Moorub Kkukki

COMBAT APPLICATION 3

Sixteenth Position

Left Outside Single Knife Hand Middle Block—Wen Hansonnal Bakkat Momtong Makki

Seventeenth Position

Right Target Hook Punch—Orun Chumok Pyojeok Chigi

COMBAT APPLICATION 4

Eighteenth Position

Right Forward Cross Stance/Left Side Kick/Left Low Spear Hand Strike (Palm Up)—Orun Koa Seogi/Wen Yop Chagi/Wen Pyeonsonkeut Jecheo Jireugi

Nineteenth Position

Right Low Block—Orun Arae Makki

VII. Reflections on the Maturation of Martial Skill

Dedication

Acknowledgements

Appendices

Appendix A. USTA Poomsae Competition Rules

Appendix B. Glossary

Appendix C. English/Korean Translations for Taekwondo Terms

Stances

Kicking Techniques

Punching Techniques

Striking Techniques

Blocking Techniques

Basic Terminology

Terms of Rank

Counting In Korean

Bibliography and Sources

Organization Web Sites and Addresses

About the Authors

Index

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