| In the south of Mysore all coffee land probably taken up. In north, land reported to be still available. Planters well satisfied with the Government. | 315 |
| Advances to labourers. Legislation as regards them much needed. | 316 |
| Proposed measure to meet the advances to labourers difficulty. | 317 |
| Legislation required to amend the extraditions laws. | 318 |
| The New Cattle Trespass Act. The want of a Wild Birds' Protection Act. The neglect of game preservation. | 319 |
| In consequence of game destruction tigers forced to prey heavily on village cattle. Great losses in consequence. | 320 |
| Cruelty of native hunters. Evidences of extermination of game birds. | 321 |
| The want of a Government Agricultural Chemist. The discovery of a new hybrid coffee plant. | 322 |
| Enormous yield from it. | 323 |
| | |
| CHAPTER XI.—SHADE. |
| General remarks on the importance of shade. | 324 |
| The governing principle as regards shade for coffee. | 325 |
| The most desirable kinds of shade trees. Those of less desirable kinds. | 326 |
| The Jack. Its merits and defects. | 327 |
| The Attí. Good when young, less desirable when old. | 328 |
| The Noga. The objections to relying on this tree. | 329 |
| Other kinds of less desirable shade trees. | 330 |
| Albizzia Moluccana. Said to be a valuable tree for shade. | 331 |
| Methods adopted when forming a shaded plantation. | 332 |
| Great advantages of clearing without burning the forest. | 333 |
| The order in which shade trees should be planted. | 334 |
| The young shade trees require shade. The charcoal tree a good nurse. | 335 |
| The management of young shade trees. | 336 |
| The evils arising from excessive trimming of side branches of shade trees. Planting under the shade of the original forest trees. | 337 |
| The value of leaving marginal belts of forest. The danger of a running fire. | 338 |
| The quantity of shade required for varying aspects and gradients. | 339 |
| The great differences between northern and southern aspects as regards heat. | 340 |
| Western and eastern aspects. | 341 |
| Importance of attending to the gradients, the quality of the soil, and its exposure to drying winds. | 342 |
| Elevation and rainfall govern quantity of shade that should be kept. The thinning, and lopping lower boughs of shade trees. | 343 |
| Much knowledge and experience required in judicious thinning. | 344 |
| More shade will be required as trees become lofty. | 345 |
| Importance of at once planting up spots where shade is deficient, in order to keep out the Borer insect. | 346 |
| Planting out young shade trees. The removal of parasites from shade trees. | 347 |
| Preparation of shade tree cuttings before planting out. How to grow young charcoal-tree plants. Valuable as nurses. | 348 |
| | |
| CHAPTER XII.—MANURE. |
| How shade complicates the economical and effective manuring of coffee. | 350 |
| Bulk manures as a rule should not be applied to land directly under shade trees, but to more open spaces. | 351 |
| Less manure should be applied to coffee directly under shade trees. | 352 |
| Manure should be varied on different aspects. The quantity that should be annually supplied. | 353 |
| Bones may be seldom used if lime is regularly applied. | 354 |
| A considerable amount of manure required even though the loss from crops is small. | 356 |
| A test of land being sufficiently supplied with manure. The quantity of manure probably required. | 357 |
| The quantity of manure that should be put down at a time. | 358 |
| Danger from over-manuring, especially in ease of light soils. | 359 |
| Ridges should be more heavily manured than hollows. The time of year when manures should be applied. | 360 |
| Advantages of manuring at the end of the monsoon. | 361 |
| Bearing that the time of applying manures has on leaf disease. Mr. Marshall Ward's remarks as to this. | 362 |
| The various methods of applying manures. | 363 |
| In the case of steep land the manure should be buried in trenches. Farmyard manure. Its great value for coffee. | 364 |
| Substitutes for farmyard manure. | 365 |
| Value of forest land top soil as a manure, and as a substitute for farmyard manure. | 366 |
| The comparative cost of farmyard manure and top soil. Remarkable result from an application of pink-coloured soil. | 367 |
| If top soil costs the same as farmyard manure the former is better. Reasons for this being so. A compost of pink soil and manures may be made, which will equal good farmyard manure, and cost but little more. | 368 |
| The manurial value of pulp, and of dry fallen leaves. | 369 |
| Manurial value of green twigs of trees, ferns and wood ashes. | 370 |
| Night soil. Lime. | 371 |
| Bonedust. Fish manure. | 372 |
| Oil-cakes. Proportion of phosphate of lime in castor cake. | 373 |
| Nitrates of potash and soda. | 374 |
| Potash. A manure of doubtful value in the case of Mysore soils. | 375 |
| Attempt to ascertain value of potash as a manure for coffee. | 376 |
| How to grow young plants in old soils. Coprolites, discovery of, in Mysore. | 377 |
| An agricultural chemist wanted for the province. A careful record should be kept of manure applied. | 378 |
| Bringing round a neglected plantation. Steps that should be taken. | 379 |
| Manurial experiments. | 380 |
| Native manurial practises should be studied. Application of various soils as top dressing by native cultivators. The best and most economical way of manuring coffee has yet to be discovered. | 381 |
| Manurial experiments need not be costly. | 382 |
| | |
| CHAPTER XIII.—NURSERIES, TOPPING, HANDLING, PRUNING, ETC. |
| The selection of seed. | 383 |
| Irrigated coffee near Bangalore. Mr. Meenakshia's gardens. The selection of a site for a nursery. | 384 |
| The best time for putting down the seed. | 385 |
| Plants should be grown in baskets. The pits for vacancy plants. | 386 |
| Topping. The best heights for. | 387 |
| The time when trees should be topped. | 388 |
| Handling and the removal of suckers. Its importance as regards rot and leaf disease. | 389 |
| Pruning. | 390 |
| Management of pruning, with reference to rot and leaf disease. | 391 |
| The removal of moss and rubbing down the trees. The cultivation of the soil. | 392 |
| Difficulties connected with the proper cultivation of the soil. | 393 |
| The best tools for digging. Renovation pits. | 394 |
| Renovation pits valuable as water-holes. Their value in connection with water conservation. | 395 |
| | |
| CHAPTER XIV.—THE DISEASES OF COFFEE. |
| Leaf disease, or attacks of Hemeleïa Vastatrix. | 396 |
| Mr. Marshall Ward's report on leaf disease in Ceylon. Leaf disease probably always existed in Mysore. Said to have caused much loss on some estates. | 397 |
| Losses of leaves from other causes commonly attributed to leaf disease. No reason to fear it if land is well cultivated, manured, and shaded. Evidence that shade can control leaf disease. | 398 |
| Bad kinds of shade trees cannot control, but increase leaf disease. | 399 |
| Conditions under which leaf disease is liable to occur in the cases of good soil under good shade trees. | 400 |
| The importance of manure and cultivation with reference to leaf disease. Mr. Graham Anderson's, Mr. Marshall Ward's and Mr. Brooke Mockett's opinions. The Coorg plant not so liable to be attacked as the Chick plant. | 401 |
| The Borer insect. | 402 |
| Borer is worst under bad kinds of shade trees, but can be controlled by good caste trees. | 403 |
| Conditions favorable to attacks of the Borer. | 404 |
| Reasons for thinking that the usual practice of destroying all bored trees is of little use. | 405 |
| The Borer can only be suppressed by adequate shade. Rot, or pellicularia koleroga. Aggravated by want of free circulation of air. | 406 |
| Measures for lessening rot. Importance of meeting monsoon with mature leaves on the coffee trees. | 407 |
| Green-bugs. None in Mysore, Receipt for killing them used on Nilgiri Hills. | 408 |
| | |
| CHAPTER XV.—THE SELECTION OF LAND FOR PLANTATIONS, AND THE VALUATION OF COFFEE PROPERTY. |
| Much uncleared land available in northern part of Mysore. | 409 |
| The various classes of forest lands. | 410 |
| Much land unsuitable from over heavy rainfall. Mr. Graham Anderson's return of rainfall. His interesting memorandum. | 411 |
| Elevation of plantations above sea level. With a few exceptions not much difference in value of the coffee of various estates. | 412 |
| The especial importance of aspect in Mysore. | 413 |
| The most favourable gradients. Various kinds of soil. | 414 |
| Comparative healthiness of the different coffee districts in Mysore. | 415 |
| Various considerations to be taken into account when valuing land. | 416 |
| An old established estate may not necessarily be an old plantation. | 417 |
| The quality of the shade ought largely to affect a valuation of a property. | 418 |
| Facilities that should be considered when valuing a property. | 419 |
| Impossible to offer opinion as to value of coffee property, till facts as regard it are widely known, and the line is opened to western coast. | 420 |
| | |
| CHAPTER XVI.—HOW TO MAKE AN ESTATE PAY, AND THE ORDER OF THE WORK. |
| Inferior parts of estates should be thrown out of cultivation. | 421 |
| The losses caused by giving advances. | 422 |
| Advances not so necessary as formerly, as labour rates are higher now. | 423 |
| Advances to Maistries to bring labour. | 424 |
| Minor sources of loss. The order in which the various works should be performed. | 425 |
| | |
| CHAPTER XVII.—THE MANAGEMENT OF ABSENTEE ESTATES. |
| "The fact is, we all require a little looking after." | 428 |
| Advisable to give manager an interest in the estate. Managers for estates in Mysore require to be very carefully selected. | 429 |
| A clear understanding essential between proprietor and manager. | 430 |
| Powers of attorney should be carefully drawn up. The proprietor entirely in the power of the manager. | 431 |
| The value of the eye of the owner. Every estate should have an information book. | 432 |
| Points to be entered in the information book. | 433 |
| Hints to managers. | 435 |
| | |
| CHAPTER XVIII.—THE PLANTER'S BUNGALOW AND THE AMENITIES OF AN ESTATE. |
| The best form of bungalow. | 440 |
| The kitchen arrangements. | 441 |
| The aspect of the bungalow and ground around it. | 442 |
| Cash value of the amenities of an estate. The flower garden. | 443 |
| Building materials. | 444 |
| How to keep out white ants. | 445 |
| Coolie lines. | 446 |
| Tree planting for timber and fuel. | 447 |
| Precautions for the conservation of health. | 448 |
| Hints as regards food, and the table generally. | 449 |
| Suggestions as to books and newspapers. | 451 |
| Importance of having some interesting pursuit. | 452 |
| The minor amenities of an estate. | 453 |
| The conditions of a planter's life now ameliorated by railways. | 454 |
| Mysore out of the reach of House of Commons faddists. Advantages of this. | 455 |
| | |
| CHAPTER XIX.—THE INDIAN SILVER QUESTION. |
| On June 26th, 1893, gold standard introduced and mints closed to free coinage of silver. | 456 |
| Movement originated in India by the servants of Government, and from no other class whatever. | 457 |
| Some merchants afterwards joined in the agitation. Gold to be received at the mints at a ratio of 1s. 4d. per rupee. Sovereigns in payment of sums due to Government to be received at the rate of fifteen rupees a sovereign. | 458 |
| Cash effects of the measure. For benefit of English reader figures given in pounds sterling, a rupee taken at 2s. Rupee prices little changed in India, China and Ceylon. Difficulty of forming exact estimates as to this. | 459 |
| If gold value of silver can be forced up from 1s. 3d. to 1s. 4d., Indian Government will gain about one and a half million sterling on its home remittances, and the people lose about seven millions on their exports. | 460 |
| The Indian Finance Minister contemplates a rise to 1s. 6d. eventually. | 461 |
| A rise to 1s. 6d. would give the Exchequer a gain on home remittances of £4,500,000 and entail on the people a loss £21,000,000, equal to a tax of 21 per cent. on the exports of India. Effects of this on the producers. | 462 |
| The producers of coffee in Mysore alone would lose £56,000 a year were exchange forced up to 1s. 4d., and £156,000 a year were it raised to 1s. 6d. All producers in other parts of India of articles of export would be similarly affected. | 463 |
| If the rupee is artificially forced up by the State, the shock to confidence will repel capital and injure credit. The first effect will show itself in a lessened demand for labour. | 464 |
| The effects of increased employment on the finances. The bearing of the measure on famines and scarcity. It will intensify the effects of both, and make them more costly to the State. | 465 |
| The measure has arrayed all classes against the Government, except its own servants and a very few of the merchants. | 466 |
| The effects of the measure on the tea-planters of India and Ceylon. It must heavily affect both. If Ceylon establishes a mint, tea-planters there will have advantages over their rivals in India. | 467 |
| Coffee planters of India and Ceylon will he prejudicially affected in their competition with silver-using countries. Evil effects of the measure on the trade, manufactures, and railways of India. | 469 |
| The measure rotten from financial, political, and economical points of view. | 470 |
| The Viceroy and the supporters of the measure have admitted that it must be injurious to the producers of India. Sir William Hunter's admirable survey of the former and present financial condition of India. | 471 |
| The Viceroy has publicly declared that cheap silver has acted as "a stimulus" to the progress of India. | 472 |
| The unfair action of Lord Herschell's Committee. Not a single representative of the producing classes examined. But the majority of witnesses were dead against the monetary policy of the Government. The Currency Committee reported against the weight of the evidence. The most important points not inquired into at all by the Committee. | 473 |
| The Indian Government and Currency Committee financially panic-stricken, and in dread of effects of repeal of Sherman Act. The financial condition not such as to warrant panic. Taxational resources not exhausted. | 474 |
| Sir William Hunter's statement proves that the financial conditions were full of hope. The dread that the repeal of the Sherman Act might reduce rupee to 1s. Examination of the subject on that supposition. | 475 |
| By a rate of 1s. a rupee the Government would lose about seven millions on its home remittances, and the people of India gain fourteen millions on their exports. Mr. Gladstone's Government adopted Home Rule Bill, and Currency Measure in one year. Both forced on by tyrannical action. Gladstonian action as to Opium Commission equally tyrannical. | 476 |
| The monetary measure a policy of protection for the benefit of the silver-using countries that compete with India. | 477 |
| Some of the evils the measure, if successful, must cause. The Indian Finance Minister declared that "it ought not to be attempted unless under the pressure of necessity." No necessity arisen. An independent body wanted to efficiently check the Government. The Duke of Wellington's opinion. | 478 |
| India and Mexico compared. Mr. Carden's Consular Report. | 479 |
| Cheap silver advantageous to Mexico. The losses to the Government and railways which arise from gold payments are, comparatively speaking, a fixed quantity, while the gain to the people from cheap silver, produces consequential benefits far beyond reach of calculation. These remarks equally applicable to India. Wanted, a Government that can see this. | 480 |
