Читать книгу Understanding Statistics As A Language - Robert Andrews - Страница 9

The nominal scale of measurement is the most limited type of measurement and involves the process of naming or labeling. Nominal measurement can be described as classifying observations. All

observations placed in the same class are treated as equal. This is the property of identity. The categories must be mutually exclusive; that is, each observation is placed in one and only one category. The categories must also be

exhaustive; that is, a place must be provided for each observation. Nominal data

cannot be graded, ranked, or scaled for qualities such as better or worse, higher or lower, more or less. Observations in each category can be counted, which provides a frequency. Demographic data such as groups of ages, gender, nationality, or denominational affiliation are nominal scale data.

There are statistical methods designed to analyze nominal or categorical data. Chi-Square is a primary method of analyzing nominal data.