Читать книгу Fundamentals of Analytical Toxicology - Robin Whelpton - Страница 2
Table of Contents
Оглавление1 Cover
4 Nomenclature, Symbols, and Conventions
6 Amount Concentration and Mass Concentration
9 Section A: The Basics 1 Analytical Toxicology: Overview 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Modern analytical toxicology 1.3 Provision of analytical toxicology services 1.4 Applications of analytical toxicology 1.5 Summary References 2 Sample Collection, Transport, and Storage 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Clinical samples and sampling 2.3 Guidelines for sample collection for analytical toxicology 2.4 Sample transport, storage, and disposal 2.5 Common interferences 2.6 Summary References 3 Basic Laboratory Operations 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Aspects of quantitative analysis 3.3 Use of internal standards 3.4 Method comparison 3.5 Non-parametric statistics 3.6 Quality control and quality assessment 3.7 Operational considerations 3.8 Summary References 4 Aspects of Sample Preparation 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Modes of sample preparation 4.3 Plasma protein binding 4.4 Hydrolysis of conjugated metabolites 4.5 Extraction of drugs from tissues 4.6 Summary References 5 Colour Tests, and Spectrophotometric and Luminescence Techniques 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Colour tests in toxicology 5.3 Colour tests for pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs 5.4 UV/Visible spectrophotometry 5.5 Fluorescence and phosphorescence 5.6 Chemiluminescence 5.7 Infrared and Raman spectroscopy 5.8 Summary References 6 Immunoassays and Related Assays 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Basic principles of competitive binding assays 6.3 Heterogeneous immunoassays 6.4 Homogenous immunoassays 6.5 Microparticulate and turbidimetric immunoassays 6.6 Assay calibration, quality control, and quality assessment 6.7 Interferences and assay failures 6.8 Aptamer-based assays 6.9 Enzyme-based assays 6.10 Summary References
10 Section B: Separation Science 7 Separation Science: Theoretical Aspects 7.1 General introduction 7.2 Theoretical aspects of chromatography 7.3 Measurement of analyte retention 7.4 Summary References 8 Planar Chromatography 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Qualitative thin-layer chromatography 8.3 Quantitative thin-layer chromatography 8.4 Summary References 9 Gas Chromatography 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Instrumentation 9.3 Columns and column packings 9.4 Headspace and ‘purge and trap’ analysis 9.5 Formation of artefacts in gas chromatography 9.6 Derivatization for gas chromatography 9.7 Chiral separations 9.8 Summary References 10 Liquid Chromatography 10.1 Introduction 10.2 General considerations 10.3 Detection in liquid chromatography 10.4 Columns and column packings 10.5 Modes of liquid chromatography 10.6 Chiral separations 10.7 Derivatives for liquid chromatography 10.8 Use of liquid chromatography in analytical toxicology 10.9 Summary References 11 Supercritical Fluid Chromatography 11.1 Introduction 11.2 General considerations 11.3 Detection in supercritical fluid chromatography 11.4 Columns and column packings 11.5 Chiral separations 11.6 Toxicological and forensic applications 11.7 Summary References 12 Capillary Electrophoretic Techniques 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Theoretical aspects 12.3 Sample injection in capillary electrophoresis 12.4 Detection in capillary electrophoresis 12.5 Other capillary electrokinetic modes 12.6 Capillary electrophoretic techniques in analytical toxicology 12.7 Summary References 13 Mass Spectrometry 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Instrumentation 13.3 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 13.4 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 13.5 Supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry 13.6 Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry 13.7 Direct introduction mass spectrometry 13.8 Presentation of mass spectral data 13.9 Interpretation of mass spectra 13.10 Quantitative mass spectrometry 13.11 Mass spectrometry imaging 13.12 Summary References 14 Ion Mobility Spectrometry 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Theoretical aspects 14.3 Types of ion mobility spectrometry 14.4 Resolving power 14.5 Interfacing ion mobility spectrometry 14.6 Applications of ion mobility spectrometry in analytical toxicology 14.7 Summary References
11 Section C: Essential Pharmacokinetics 15 Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion of Xenobiotics 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Movement of drugs and other xenobiotics around the body 15.3 Routes of administration 15.4 Distribution 15.5 Metabolism 15.6 Excretion 15.7 Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics 15.8 Summary References 16 Pharmacokinetics 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Fundamental concepts 16.3 Absorption and elimination 16.4 Drug accumulation 16.5 Sustained-release preparations 16.6 Non-linear pharmacokinetics 16.7 Multi-compartment models 16.8 Non-compartmental methods 16.9 Factors affecting pharmacokinetic parameters 16.10 Disease 16.11 Pharmacokinetics and the interpretation of results 16.12 Summary References
12 Section D: Analytical Toxicology 17 Toxicology Testing at the Point of Contact 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Use of point of contact testing 17.3 Toxicology testing at the point of contact 17.4 Interferences and adulterants 17.5 Quality assessment 17.6 Summary References 18 Laboratory Testing for Substance Misuse 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Urine testing 18.3 Oral fluid testing 18.4 Blood testing 18.5 Hair testing 18.6 Breath testing 18.7 Sweat testing 18.8 Summary References 19 General Analytical Toxicology 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Gas chromatography 19.3 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 19.4 Liquid chromatography 19.5 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 19.6 Liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry 19.7 Summary References 20 Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Sample collection 20.3 Sample types 20.4 Analytical methods 20.5 Factors affecting interpretation of results 20.6 Gazetteer 20.7 Summary References 21 Trace Elements and Toxic Metals 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Sample collection and storage 21.3 Sample preparation 21.4 Atomic spectrometry 21.5 Colorimetry and fluorimetry 21.6 Electrochemical methods 21.7 Catalytic methods 21.8 Neutron activation analysis 21.9 Chromatographic methods 21.10 Quality assessment 21.11 Summary References 22 Clinical Interpretation of Analytical Results 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Clinical toxicology 22.3 Forensic toxicology 22.4 Gazetteer 22.5 Sources of further information 22.6 Summary References
13 Index
