Оглавление
Rodney Castleden. The Element Encyclopedia of the Celts
DEDICATION
CONTENTS
PREFACE “SO SLEEPS THE PRIDE OF FORMER DAYS”
INTRODUCTION. WHO WERE THE CELTS?
PEOPLE WE KNOW
BARBARIANS?
THE NINETEENTH-CENTURY VIEW
THE NEW VIEW
THE PAST IN BOOKS
THE ATLANTIC CELTS
THE CELTS AND THE OCEAN
TWO KINDS OF IRON AGE CELTS
REAL PEOPLE
ADDEDOMARUS
ADOMNÁN
AED
AEDAN
AEDAN MAC GABRAIN
AEDUI
AGRICOLA
AILLEL MOLT
AIRCOL
AMBIANI
AMBIORIX
AMBROSIUS AURELIANUS
AMMINIUS
ANEIRIN
ART
ARTHMAEL
ARTHUR
DID HE REALLY EXIST?
WHO WAS ARTHUR?
WHERE WAS CAMELOT?
THE LAST BATTLE
THE DISAPPEARANCE OF ARTHUR
THE SYMBOLIC VALUE OF ARTHUR
ARVERNI
ATREBATES
BARDS
BARINTHUS
BARRFIND
BARRINDUS
BATTERSEA SHIELD
BELLOVACI
BENIGNUS OF ARMAGH
BERACHUS
BERNACUS
BEUNO
BITUITUS
BITURIGES
BOATS
BOECIUS
THE BOOK OF KELLS
BOUDICCA
BOYA
BRENDAN OF CLONFERT
BRENNUS
BRIDEI
BRIGANTES
BRIGHID
BRIOC
BROICHAN
BRUDEUS
BRYCHAN
BRYNACH
CADFAN
CADO
CADOC OF LANCARFAN
CADWALLON
CALEDONII
CALETI
CANTII
CARADOC VREICHVRAS
CARADOG
CARATACUS
CARTIMANDUA
CASSIVELLAUNUS
CASWALLAWN
CATHBAD OF ULSTER
CATUVELLAUNI
CAUUS
CAW
CELTOMANIA
CENOMANI
CERDIC
CERETIC GULETIC
CHARIOTS
CHILDHOOD
CIARAN OF SAIGAR
CIVILIS
CLEMENS
CLYTO
COEL GODEBOG
COEL HEN
COGIDUMNUS
COINAGE
COLUMBA OF IONA
CONAN
CONCHOBAR MAC NESSA
CONOMORUS
CORIOSOLITES
CORMAC MACAIRT
COROTICUS
CORREUS
CULTURES
CUNOBELIN
CURSE TABLETS
CYNLAS
DAVID
DECEANGLI
DECIANUS CATUS
DEWI
DIARMAIT
DICUL
DIODORUS SICULUS
DIVICIACUS
DOCCO
DRESS
DRUIDS
DUBNOVELLAUNUS
DUBRICIUS
DUMNORIX
DUNAWT
DURATIOS
DUROTRIGES
DWELLINGS
DYFNWAL
DYFRIG
ECONOMY
ELIDYR
ELISEG
ELOQUENCE
ETAIN
EWEIN WHITETOOTH
FANNELL
FARANNAN
FEIC
FERGNA BRIT
FIACC OF SLETTY
FILIDH
FINGAR OF GWINNEAR
FINNIAN OF CLONARD
FOGOU
FOILL
FOOD AND FEASTING
FORTIFICATIONS
FUNERAL ODES
GABRAN
GAMES
GENEALOGY
GERAINT
GIFTS
GILDAS
THE GODODDIN
GORDEBAR
GOSCELIN
GURGUST LETHAM
GURON
GWALLAWG
GWRGI
HELMET
HENGIST AND HORSA
HUNTING
HUSSA
ICENI
ILLTUD
JULIUS CAESAR
KENTIGERN
KYNGAR OF CONGRESBURY
LANGUAGE
LEARNING
LEONORUS
LEUDONUS
LINDOW MAN
LLEW MAC CYNVARCH
LLYWARCH HEN
LOEGAIRE
LUERNIOS
LUGID
MACLOVIUS
MAELGWN
MAGICIANS
MALO
MANDUBRACIUS
MAUCENNUS
MEDB OF CONNAUGHT
MEDRAUT
MELOR
MELWAS
MERCHIAUN
MERCHIAUN VESANUS
MERLIN
MEURIG AP TEWDRIG
MODRED
MORCANT
MORINI
MUIRCHETACH MAC ERCA
MUSIC
MYNYDD MWYNFAWR
MYRDDIN
NAMNETES
NATAN-LEOD
NATH-I
NECTAN
NINIAN OF WHITHORN
OGHAM
OLLAMH FOOLA
OPPIDUM
ORDOVICES
OSISMII
OSSIAN
PABO POST PRYDAIN
PATRICK
PAUL AURELIAN
PEOPLE
PEREDUR STEEL-ARM
PETROC
PICTONES
PICTS
PLAID
POSIDONIUS
PRASUTAGUS
PRINCESS OF VIX
REDONES
RHUN, SON OF MAELGWN
RHUN, SON OF URIEN
RHYDDERCH HAEL
RIDERCH
ROADS
RUADAN
SAMSON
SCAPEGOAT
SENONES
SHIPS AND BOATS
SILURES
SLAINE THE FIRBOLG
SOCIETY
SOUTERRAIN
SUCCAT
SUETONIUS PAULINUS
SUICIDE
SWORDS
TALIESIN
TARTAN
TASCIOVANUS
TEWDRIG
THANEY
THEODORIC
THYNOY
TIGHERNMAS
TOGODUMNUS
TORC
TRIBES
TRIBINUS
TRIFINA
TRINOVANTES
TUCHELL
TURONES
URIEN
URNFIELD
VELIOCASSES
VENETI
VENUTIUS
VERCASSIVELLAUNUS
VERCINGETORIX
VERICA
VORTIGERN
VORTIPOR
WARFARE
WENEFRED
WETHENOC
WINFRITH
WINNOC
WITHUR OF ROSCOFF
WORSLEY MAN
WRITING
ALAUNA
ALBA. BRITAIN
ALCLUD
ALCLUITH. SCOTLAND
ALESIA. FRANCE
ALKBOROUGH
ANGLESEY. WALES
ARDERYDD. SOLWAY FIRTH
ASCICBERG
AVALON. SCOTLAND?
AVARICUM
BADBURY RINGS
BADON. ENGLAND
BARDSEY ISLAND
BATH: THE SANCTUARY OF SULIS–MINERVA. ENGLAND
BEWCASTLE
BIBRACTE
BOUGHTON GREEN
BOURBONNE–LANCY
BOYNE
BRIGETIO
BROCH OF MIDHOWE. ROUSAY, ORKNEY
BROCH OF MOUSA. SHETLAND
BRYNAICH
CAISTOR ST. EDMUND
CALCHVYNNYDD. ENGLAND
CAMELOT
CAMLANN
CAMULODUNON
CAMULODUNUM. ENGLAND
CARDIGAN BAY
CARN EUNY
CARNAC. BRITTANY
CARRAWBURGH
CASTLE FROME
CASTRO DE BAROÑA. GALICIA
CELIDON. SCOTLAND
CERNE ABBAS. DORSET, ENGLAND
CHARTRES
CHICHESTER
CHYSAUSTER
CIRENCESTER
COLCHESTER
COLIJNSPLAAT. THE NETHERLANDS
CULLODEN
CURGY
DANEBURY HILLFORT. HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND
DEAL
DEMETIA
DIN EIDYN. SCOTLAND
DINAS EMRYS. WALES
DINAS POWYS. WALES
DOZMARY POOL. ENGLAND
DUMNONIA. ENGLISH WEST COUNTRY
DUN AONGHASA. GALWAY, IRELAND
DUNADD. SCOTLAND
DUNPELDER
DURNOVARIA
DYFED. WALES
EGGARDON HILL
ELMET. ENGLAND
EMAIN MACHA. COUNTY ARMAGH, IRELAND
ENTREMONT SANCTUARY. FRANCE
FRILFORD
GERGOVIA
GIANT’S SPRINGS
GLAMORGAN
GLASTONBURY. SOMERSET, ENGLAND
GLAUBERG. HESSE, GERMANY
GLEVISSIG. WALES
GLOUCESTER
GLYWYSING
GOLDBERG
GOLORING
GOURNAY. NORTHERN FRANCE
GWYNEDD. WALES
HALLSTATT
HAM HILL
HAUSEN–AN–DER–ZABER
HAYLING ISLAND TEMPLE. ENGLAND
HENGISTBURY HEAD. DORSET, ENGLAND
THE HEUNEBERG. GERMANY
HIRSCHLANDEN. GERMANY
HOCHDORF. GERMANY
HOD HILL
HOHENASPERG. GERMANY
HÖHMICHELE BARROW
HOLZHAUSEN. BAVARIA, GERMANY
ICHT
ICTIS. ENGLAND
JARLSHOF. SHETLAND
JULIAN’S BOWER
KEPDUF
KERLESCAN
KERLOUAN
KERMARIO
KILDARE
KLEINASPERGLE
LA TÈNE. SWITZERLAND
LAKE BIEL
LAKE NEUCHATEL
LAKE TOLOSA
LEXDEN TUMULUS. ENGLAND
LIBENICE SANCTUARY. THE CZECH REPUBLIC
LINDOW MOSS. CHESHIRE, ENGLAND
LINTON
LISCANNOR
LLANGADWALADR STONE
LLANTWIT FAWR
LLYN CERRIG BACH
LLYN FAWR
LLYN YR AFANC
LOCMARIAQUER. BRITTANY, FRANCE
LOUGH NEAGH
LYDNEY, SANCTUARY OF NODENS. ENGLAND
LYMINSTER
LYONESSE
LYONS
MAGDALENENBURG. GERMANY
MAIDEN CASTLE. DORSET
MARYPORT. CUMBRIA, ENGLAND
MENEC
THE MIZMAZE
MONASTERBOICE
LE MONT SACON. PYRENEES, FRANCE
NAVAN FORT
NEWGRANGE. IRELAND
THE PAPS OF ANU. IRELAND
PEMBROKESHIRE
PFALZFELD. GERMANY
POWYS. ENGLAND; WALES
PRETANIKÉ. BRITAIN
PRITTLEWELL
RAHALLY. IRELAND
RHEGED. ENGLAND
ROQUEPERTUSE. FRANCE
SAINTE-SABINE SANCTUARY. DORDOGNE, FRANCE
SANDBERG. AUSTRIA
SHEPHERD’S RACE
SOMMERÉCOURT
SOURCE DE LA SEINE. DIJON, FRANCE
SOURCE DES ROCHES DE CHAMALIÈRES. NEAR CLERMONT FERRAND, FRANCE
SOUTH CADBURY CASTLE. ENGLAND
STAR CARR
STONEHENGE. ENGLAND
STRETTWEG
SWANWICK SHAFT. HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND
TARA. MEATH, IRELAND
TECH DUINN
THETFORD. NORFOLK, ENGLAND
THREE PERPETUAL CHOIRS
TINTAGEL. CORNWALL
TISSINGTON
TRAPRAIN LAW. SCOTLAND
TRESQUES
TRIER. GERMANY
TURF MAZE
TUROE STONE. COUNTY GALWAY, IRELAND
UFFINGTON WHITE HORSE. ENGLAND
UISNECH
ULEY
VAL CAMONICA. NORTHERN ITALY
VENDEUIL-CAPLY
VIROCONIUM. ENGLAND
WALCHEREN. ZEELAND, THE NETHERLANDS
WANSDYKE. ENGLAND
WHITHORN. SCOTLAND
WILSFORD SHAFT. ENGLAND
WOMEN’S ISLAND
WOODEATON
WROXETER
YEAVERING BELL. NORTHUMBERLAND, ENGLAND
ABNOBA
ALTAR
ANCAMNA
ANDRASTE
ANGUS MAC OG
ANNWFN
ANNWN
ARDUINNA
ARIANRHOD
ARTIO
ATEPOMARUS
BADB
BEAN SI
BELATUCADROS
BELENUS
BELTANE
BLACK ANNIS
BOANNA
BORMANA
BORMANUS
BORMO
BORVO
BRIGHID
CADEIRA DA MOURA. GALICIA
CALAN AWST
CASA DA MOURA
CERNUNNOS
COCIDIUS
COLIGNY CALENDAR
COVENTINA
CREIDHNE
CROM CRUACH
CÚ CHULAINN
CUDA
CUNOMAGLOS
THE DAGDA
THE DAGHDA
DAMONA
DANA
DEMETRIUS’ SACRED ISLAND
DIVINE COUPLE
DON
DONN
DRUIDS
EPONA
ESUS
FORTUNA
GOBHNIU
GODS AND GODDESSES
GOFANNON
GOLD
GRANNUS
GRINE
GUNDESTRUP CAULDRON
GWYDION
HEADHUNTING
HEALING
HELIS
HERNE THE HUNTER
HOLY WELLS
HOODED DWARVES
HORNED GOD
HUMAN SACRIFICE
IMBOLC
IMBOLG
IMMORTALITY
JANUS
JUPITER
LLEU
LLUD LLAW EREINT
LORD OF THE MOUND
LUCHTA
LUD
LUGH
LUGHNASAD
MABON, SON OF MODRON
MAC IND OG
MANANNAN
MANANNÁN MAC LIR
MANAWYDAN
MAPONOS
MARS
MATRONA
MERCURY
MIRRORS
MONSTER OF NOVES. BOUCHES-DU-RHÔNE
MORITASGUS
THE MÓRRÍGAN
MOTHER GODDESS
MOURA ENCANTADA
MOURA–FIANDEIRA
MOURA–SERPENTE
MOURA–VELHA
MOURAMA
MOURINHOS
MUNSTER
NANTOSUELTA
NEHALENNIA
NEMETONA
THE NUADE
OGMIOS
OTHERWORLD
PEDRA-MOURA
PILGRIMAGE
PRIESTS
PRINCESA MOURA
RHIANNON
RHYDDERCH
RITONA
RITUAL SHAFT
ROSMERTA
SACRED GROVE
SACRED LAKE
SACRED SPRINGS
SACRED VESSELS
SAMHAIN
SEQUANA
SEVERED HEAD
SHRINES AND TEMPLES
SILVANUS
SIRONA
SKY GOD
SMERTRIOS
SPRINGS
SUCELLOS
SUCELLUS
SULIS
SUN GOD
TARANIS
TEMPO DA MOURARIA
TEUTATES
THREEFOLD DEATH
TIR NAN OG
TUATHA DÉ DANANN
VERBEIA
VIERECKSCHANZEN
VINDONNUS
VOW
WAR GOD
WHEEL GOD
WICKER GIANT
WINTER SOLSTICE
AILELL
ALOIDA
AMHAIRGHIN
ANNAIK
ARIANRHOD
THE BALLAD OF BRAN. BRITTANY
THE BATTLE OF SAINT-CAST. BRITTANY
BENDITH Y MAMAU. WALES
BEN-VARREY. ISLE OF MAN
BERTILAK
BLACKBIRDS. WALES
BLODEUWEDD
THE BLUE MEN OF THE MINCH. SCOTLAND
THE BOGLE. SCOTLAND
THE BOOK OF INVASIONS. IRELAND
BRAN
BRAN THE BLESSED
BRAN, SON OF FEBAL. IRELAND
BRANWEN. WALES
BREOGÁN
THE BUGGANE. ISLE OF MAN
CALATIN
CARIDWEN
CEASG. SCOTLAND
CESAIR
CIGFA
THE CLARK OF GARLON
COMORRE THE CURSED. BRITTANY
CONN OF THE HUNDRED BATTLES
CRADAWG
DAHUT
DAOINE SIDHE
THE DOOMED RIDER. SCOTLAND
THE DREAM OF MACSEN WLEDIG. WALES
ELLYLLON
ELPHIN
ENGLYN
EOCHAID
FAIRIES
FAIRY BLIGHT
THE FENIAN CYCLE. IRELAND
FIANNA
FINTAN
FIONN MAC CUMHAILL
THE FIR BHOLG
THE FOMHOIRE
THE FOSTER BROTHER. BRITTANY
THE FOUR BRANCHES OF THE MABINOGI. WALES
THE FIRST BRANCH: PWYLL, PRINCE OF DYFED
THE SECOND BRANCH: BRANWEN FERCH LLÐR
THE THIRD BRANCH: MANAWYDAN FAB LLÐR
THE FOURTH BRANCH: MATH FAB MATHONWY
GAWAIN
GERAINT, SON OF ERBIN. WALES
GIANT OF GRABBIST
GILFAETHWY
GLYN
GOEWIN
GRADLON MEUR
THE GREEN KNIGHT. BRITAIN
GRONW PEBR
GUERCH
GWENNOLAÏK
GWÉNNOLÉ
GWION BACH
GWYDDNO GARANHIR
GWYDION
A HARP ON THE WATER. WALES
HEININ VARDD
THE HISTORY OF TALIESIN. WALES
KER-IS
ROBERT KIRK
LADRA
LAIRD OF LORNTIE
THE LEGEND OF YS. BRITTANY
LEPRECHAUN
LIA FÁIL. IRELAND
LLEFELYS
LLEU LLAW GYFFES
LLUDD
LOCHLANN
LORGNEZ
LYN
MAC CON GLINNE
MACSEN WLEDIG
THE MAGIC ROSE. BRITTANY
MALDWYN
MANAWYDAN
MARK
THE MARQUIS DE GUÉRANDE. BRITTANY
THE MARRIAGE GIRDLE. BRITTANY
MATH
MIDHIR AND ETAIN. IRELAND
MORDA
MORVAN, THE PROP OF BRITTANY. BRITTANY
MORVAN’S FIRST ADVENTURE
THE RETURN OF MORVAN
THE KING’S KNIGHT
THE KING’S BLACKAMOOR
MORVAN DOES BATTLE WITH THE KING
THE SEVERED HEAD
JOHN AND MARY NELSON
NEMEDH
NOROUAS, THE NORTH-WEST WIND. BRITTANY
THE NUBERU. GALICIA, SPAIN
OWAIN, OR THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN. WALES
PARTHOLÁN
PÈRE LA CHIQUE
PEREDUR, SON OF EFRAWG. WALES
PIXIES. DARTMOOR, ENGLAND
PRYDERI FAB PWYLL
JIM PULK
JIM PUTTOCK
REDEEMED FROM FAIRYLAND. SCOTLAND
THE RETURN FROM ENGLAND. BRITTANY
LA ROSE
THE SALTY SEA. WALES
SEITHENIN
SHELLYCOAT
THE SIGH OF GWYDDNO GARANHIR. WALES
SILVESTIK
THE SONS OF MIL
SORCHA
THE SPOILS OF ANNWFN. WALES
SUROUAS
TAIN BO CUAILNGE
TOM AND THE GIANT. CORNWALL, ENGLAND
TREZENZON THE MONK AND THE GREAT ISLAND. GALICIA, SPAIN
TRIPHYNA
TRISTAN AND ISEULT
THE ULSTER CYCLE. IRELAND
THE VISION OF MAC CON GLINNE. IRELAND
THE VOYAGE OF BRENDAN
THE WILD HUNT
APPLE
ASH TREE
AWEN
BASKET OF FRUIT
BEAR
BOAR
BOAT
BRIGHID’S CROSS
BULL
CAULDRON
CELTIC CROSS
CITY SWALLOWED UP BY THE SEA
CLADDAGH
CLOAK
CORN DOLLY
CORNUCOPIA
CRANE
CUP
DAISY
DEATH BY SORCERY
DOG
DRAGON
ETERNITY KNOT
EXAGGERATION (ENLARGEMENT)
GIANT
THE GRAIL QUEST
THE GREEN MAN
HARE
HAZEL
HEAD
HOLY GRAIL
HORSE
ICHTHYS WHEEL
ISLES OF THE BLESSED
JUPITER COLUMN
KNOT
LABYRINTH
LEAVES
MAGIC
MEMORY
MERMAID
MERROW
MINIATURIZATION (SHRINKAGE)
MISTLETOE
MONUMENTAL COASTAL SCENERY
THE MURDHUACHA
NANTEOS CUP
NEVER-ENDING PATH
NUDITY
OAK
OGHAM
PHALLUS
PURSE
RAM-HORNED SNAKE
RAVEN
RIVER
ROWAN
RULE OF THREE (TRIPLISM)
SERPENT
SHAMROCK
SHAPESHIFTING
SHEELA-NA-GIGG
SHIELD KNOT
SKY FALLING DOWN
SKY HORSEMAN
SPEAR
SPELL
SPIRAL
STAG
STANDING STONES
SUN
SWORD
TREASURE
TREE OF LIFE
TRIPLE-HORNED BULL
TRIQUETRA
TRISKELE (TRIPLE SPIRAL)
WATER
THE WEST
WHEEL
WIDDERSHINS
WILLOW
WITCHCRAFT. WITCHES IN WALES
RECIPE FOR SNAIL WATER
WYVERN
Y DDRAIG GOCH
YEW
CELTIC TWILIGHT. THE EBBING TIDE
THE IMPACT OF ROME
CELTS UNDER ATTACK: GOTHS, VANDALS, VISIGOTHS, ANGLES, SAXONS, AND FRANKS
THE MIRACLE BOOKS
THE VIKINGS
DARK AGE CELTIC REVIVAL IN SCOTLAND, WALES, AND ENGLAND
THE MEDIEVAL SUBJUGATION OF WALES
THE MEDIEVAL SUBJUGATION OF SCOTLAND
THE SUBJUGATION OF BRITTANY
THE SUBTLE TRANSFORMATION OF GALICIA
CELTIC REVIVAL. THE FIRST RIPPLES OF THE TURNING TIDE
A FRENCH CELTIC REVIVAL?
AN IRISH REVIVAL
A WELSH NATIONAL COSTUME
ART AND LITERATURE. Thomas Moore
Sir Walter Scott
James Macpherson
“Fictitious” Spelling
THE HIGHLAND CLEARANCES
THE GOLDEN DAWN
CELTIC MUSIC: “HOW BEAUTIFUL THEY, THE LORDLY ONES”
A NEW ETHNICITY? CELTIC BY CHOICE?
TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY CELTICNESS
CELTICNESS AND DEVOLUTION
THE LANGUAGE PROBLEM
PRESENT AND FUTURE
BRIEF BIBLIOGRAPHY
