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IMPORTANT NOTE ABOUT OVEN TEMPERATURES Ovens need to be preheated to the specified temperature. All the temperatures in this book are based on a conventional oven. If you’re using a fan-assisted oven, follow the manufacturer’s instructions for adjusting the temperature – this usually means reducing it by 20°C (65°F), gas mark 1.

Butter The type of butter is specified only where it is critical, otherwise use salted or unsalted.

Cheese More and more cheeses are vegetarian, but there are some important ones that are not as they contain rennet (an animal product). When buying cheese always check that it’s vegetarian or choose a vegetarian alternative – try pecorino instead of Parmesan, Emmental instead of Gruyère, Danish Blue (or other blue cheeses marked ‘vegetarian’) instead of Roquefort.

Eggs They are medium size unless specified otherwise. I always use free-range organic eggs. Pregnant women, the elderly or frail, and very young children need to avoid eating recipes containing raw eggs.

Stock powder, cubes and concentrate There are some good ones available. Check the label and choose one containing natural ingredients.

Soy sauce Choose the most natural type you can find; traditionally brewed, without additives such as colouring or caramel. Dark Kikkoman (with the red top) is a reliable brand that’s widely available but try shoyu and wheat-free tamari; both are available from large supermarkets and health shops.

Wine and fortified wine As with cheese, wine is often not vegetarian or vegan so check the label (or ask the wine merchant for advice) when buying. When choosing sherry, pick the ‘fino’ variety, as this is vegetarian, and with port, buy the ‘crusted’ variety, named because of the sediment or ‘crust’ that forms in the bottle.

The Vegetarian Society, the Vegan Society and VIVA! (Vegetarian International Voice for Animals) are all excellent sources for information on products and ethical issues.

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