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Glossary

Activist: Person who directly engages in political campaigns

Active Service Unit: Cadre of IRA personnel

Adjudication: Disciplinary process in the Dispersal System

Adjutant-General: Second in command of the IRA

Allocation: Induction period following sentencing ahead of dispatch to main Dispersal System prison in England and Wales

An Cumann Cabhrach: Republican prisoners charity organization

Angry Brigade: Term applied to coterie of English, Irish, Scottish and Welsh anarchists in 1970s’ Britain

Anti-Internment League: Coalition of non-violent political organizations opposed to internment without trial in Ireland from August 1971

Ard Chomhairle: Ruling body of Sinn Féin

Ard Fheis: Convention of Sinn Féin

Armley: Prison in Leeds

Army Council: Seven-person ruling body of the IRA

Army Executive: Twelve-person committee of the IRA under the Army Council

Association: Time permitted daily to prisoners for social and educational purposes

Association for Legal Justice: Civilian watchdog organization focussing on abuses of civil liberties in Ireland and the UK

Banged Up: Locked in a cell

Belfast Ten: Persons tried for March 1973 IRA attacks in London. Supported by the Belfast Ten Defence Committee, a legal and non-violent group with links to the Republican Movement

Birmingham Six: Persons wrongly convicted of November 1974 IRA attacks in Birmingham

Blanked: A prisoner ostracized by others

Blanket Protest: Wearing blankets or towels instead of prison uniform

Block: Section of a prison

Board of Visitors (BV): Prison committee dealing with disciplinary and general matters (aka Visiting Committee)

Bomb Squad: Police section dealing with subversive offences

Cabhair: Republican prisoners charity

Category A: Prisoners bearing the highest level of security rating in England and Wales.

CCDC: Central Citizens Defence Committee

Chief of Staff: Head of the IRA

Chiv: Improvised bladed or pointed weapon

Circle: Part of prison offering access between wings

Circuit: Frequent prison moves

Citizen Defence Committee: Unaligned civilian grouping in Belfast

and Derry which organized local defence of nationalist communities from 1969

Clann na hÉireann: Legal political organization representing the official republican movement in Britain

Clan na Gael: North American pro-republican organization

Closed Visit: A prison meeting in which family and friends are denied physical contact with the prisoner

Colour Party: Organized flag-carrying element of a republican march

Comm/ Communication: Slang for smuggled written information passed between republicans

Con/ Convict: Sentenced prisoner

Control Unit: Experimental segregation wings in Wakefield and Wormwood Scrubs

Connolly Association: Legal, non-violent, left wing, political organization of the Irish in Britain and their local allies

Cooler: Twenty-eight day period in segregation, generally involving prison shift

Coventry Six: Persons charged in connection with IRA activities in the British Midlands

CPGB: Communist Party of Great Britain

CPI: Communist Party of Ireland

Cumann/ Cumainn: Organized unit/s of Sinn Féin

Cumann na mBan: Illegal female IRA auxiliary organization

Dáil Éireann: Irish parliament in Dublin; the Dáil/Seanad (Leinster House)

Democratic Unionist Party: A unionist political party in the Six Counties from 1971

Department of Foreign Affairs: Irish civil service department dealing with Anglo-Irish relations et al

Diplock Court: Jury-less court in Belfast used to try political offences

Director of Engineering: IRA GHQ position responsible for explosives and heavy weaponry

Director of Intelligence: IRA GHQ position regarding intelligence and counter-intelligence

‘Dirty Protest’: Pejorative British term for an IRA/ INLA prisoner’s non-cooperation with maintenance of cell sanitation, termed ‘no wash protest’ by republicans

Dispersal System: Network of maximum-security prisons in England where Category A inmates were accommodated under the Mountbatten Report recommendations

DPP: Director of Public Prosecutions

ECHR: European Convention on Human Rights (Strasbourg)

E(scape) List: Term for prisoners subjected to additional security practices owing to their perceived potential for success

Fenian: Member of Irish Republican Brotherhood (Ireland, United Kingdom, France, Australasia) or Fenian Brotherhood (aka Clan na Gael: United States of America/ Canada); illegal, republican, revolutionary organization superseded by the IRA

Fianna Fáil: Political party in the Republic of Ireland

Fitted up: Framed

FCA: Forsa Cosanta Áitiúil, part time and reserve element of Irish Defence Forces (Army); later ‘Reserves’

FCO: Foreign and Commonwealth Office (United Kingdom)

Fine Gael: Political party in the Republic of Ireland

Free State: Pejorative term for post-partition Republic of Ireland

F Wing: Former Control Unit of Wakefield prison

Gardaí: An Garda Síochana; Irish police

GHQ: IRA term for General Headquarters (Dublin) comprising various specialised Departments of the Republican Movement

Ghosting: Unexpected prison move; also ‘ghosted’, ‘Shanghaied’

Going behind the door: Voluntary segregation under Rule 43

Good Order and Discipline: Rationale for a governor imposing Rule 43

Governor: Chief administrator of a prison

Grass: Informer

Green Cross: Republican prisoners charity

Guildford Four: Persons wrongly convicted of IRA attacks in England

H-Blocks: Modular prison complex built at Long Kesh, County Antrim (aka Maze prison)

HMP: Her Majesty’s Prison

Hooch: Homemade alcohol

Home Office: Administrative body comprising the Prison Department and other state agencies in England and Wales

International Marxist Group: Trotskyite political grouping in Britain

International Socialists: Left wing political grouping in Britain linked

Irish National Caucus: Washington DC-based Irish lobbying group

Irish National Liberation Army: Illegal, republican, socialist, paramilitary organization linked to the IRSP

IPHC: Irish Political Hostages Campaign

Irish Republican Army: Illegal, republican, paramilitary organization (proscribed in Britain in November 1974); armed element of the Republican Movement (aka Óglaigh na hÉireann)

Irish Republican Socialist Party: Legal, left wing, socialist, republican party linked to the INLA

ITGWU: Irish Transport and General Workers’ Union

Joint Action Committee: Coalition of prisoners rights’ groupings

Lie-down: See ‘Cooler’

Lifer: Prisoner serving a life sentence

Liquid Cosh: Dosing of prisoners with tranquilizing pharmaceuticals

Long Kesh: County Antrim site of internment and prison camp

Long War: Conflict in Ireland, c. 1968-98

Loyalist: Term for pro-British paramilitaries, specifically members of the generally illegal Ulster Volunteer Force, Ulster Defence Association and Red Hand Commandoes; may denote persons who support maintaining legislative union with Great Britain by non-violent methods

Maguire Seven: Persons wrongly convicted of assisting the IRA in England

MO: Medical Officer

MOD: Ministry of Defence

MP: Member of Parliament (Westminster)

MI5: British intelligence organization

MI6: British intelligence organization

MUFTI: Minimum Use of Force (and) Tactical Intervention, squad of staff officers deployed to counter perceived incidents of prisoner indiscipline

Mutiny: Term for participation in a prison riot and lesser infractions

Na Fianna Éireann: Republican scouting organization

Nationalist: Supporter of non-violent achievement of Irish reunification

NCCL: National Council for Civil Liberties (United Kingdom)

National Graves Association: Voluntary organization tasked with building and maintaining republican memorials

National Front: Right wing political organization in Britain

NICRA: Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association, non-violent civil liberties organization founded in 1967

NIO: Northern Ireland Office

NORAID: Term applied to the pro-Republican Movement Irish Northern Aid organization in the USA

No Wash: See ‘Dirty Protest’ [sic]

Nutted off: See ‘Sectioned’

O/C: Term for IRA leader (Officer Commanding) of a unit or grouping

Official IRA: Illegal, left wing, republican, paramilitary organization linked to Official Sinn Féin (later The Workers Party)

Official Republican Movement: Collective term for the Official IRA, Official Sinn Féin, Official Na Fianna Éireann and allied republican groups following the 1969/1970 split. Does not denote automatic support for specific or illegal elements

Old Bailey: Central Criminal Court, London

Open Visit: A prison meeting in which family and friends are permitted limited physical contact with the prisoner

People’s Democracy: Left wing political grouping founded in Ireland in 1968 which supported non-violent civil rights agitation

Placed on report: A prisoner accused of an infraction of regulations

POW: Prisoner of War

Prevention of Terrorism Act: UK special powers legislation introduced in November 1974

PRINDUS: Prison industrial schemes employing inmates

Principal Officer: Senior prison staff officer

Prisoners Aid Committee: Legal body which supported republican prisoners

Prison Department: Constituent of the Home Office responsible for administration of prisons in England and Wales (aka Prison Service)

Preservation of the Rights of Prisoners: The National Prisoners Movement (Britain)

Provisionals: See Irish Republican Army (aka ‘Provos’)

Provisional Category A: Prison Department term for remand prisoners expected to be classified Category A if convicted

Quartermaster General: IRA GHQ position regarding armaments and munitions

Reception: Area of prison from which newly arrived inmates are processed

Recess: Area of prison with running water facilities

Remand: Term for prisoners who have been charged but untried whether released on bail or held in custody

Republican: Person who supports the establishment of a democratic unitary republic but not necessarily violent or illegal methods to achieve the objective

Republican Clubs: Pre-split Sinn Féin in the North of Ireland and post-split Official Sinn Féin in North America

Republican Movement: Collective term for the IRA, Cumann na mBan, Sinn Féin, National Graves Association, republican youth and marching bands which emerged from the 1969/1970 split. Does not denote automatic support for specific or illegal elements

Royal Ulster Constabulary: Armed police force in the Six Counties in 1970s

Rule 43: Regulation regarding segregation of a prisoner from general population

Saor Eire: Historic name used by separate Dublin and Cork ultra left revolutionary organizations in 1970s

Sectioned: Slang term for committal to a psychiatric prison wing or institution under the Mental Health Act

Security Officer: Prison officer with security specialization

Segregation Unit: Area of prison used for solitary confinement

Scéal: Irish for ‘story’, i.e. news.

Scotland Yard: Headquarters of the London Metropolitan Police

Screw: Slang for prison officer

Shank: See ‘Chiv’

Sinn Féin: Legal republican political party supporting the objectives of the IRA. ‘Official’ prefix denotes affiliation with pre-December 1969 Republican Movement. ‘Provisional’ prefix indicates association with breakaway Republican Movement. Generally used in relation to the non ‘Official’ party from the mid-1970s

Six Counties: Northern Ireland (aka the ‘North’/ ‘Ulster’/ the ‘Province’ [sic])

Slopping Out: Emptying portable toilet receptacles

Social Democratic and Labour Party: Moderate nationalist party in the Six Counties from 1970

Special Branch: Detective units dealing with political offences

Special Category A: Unofficial term for IRA prisoner in England (aka ‘Irish Category A’)

Special Criminal Court: Juryless court in Dublin used to try political offences

Special Secure Unit/ Block: A small cellblock area or building for long-term segregation of prisoners

Split: Schism within the IRA in December 1969 and Sinn Féin in January 1970 creating rival Provisional and Official Republican Movements

Spring: External assistance in a prison escape

Spin: Cell search

Spur: A small section of a wing

Stiff: Written message or letter smuggled out of prison

Stormont: Devolved regional assembly outside Belfast administering the Six Counties (prorogued in 1972)

Strangeways: Manchester prison

Strip cells: Spartan cells for temporary confinement of prisoners

Strongbox: Double-gated small cells used for punishment

Submarine: Leicester Special Unit

Sunningdale: Failed power-sharing initiative in the Six Counties which excluded the Republican Movement and Loyalists in 1973-4

Supergrass: Person who gives evidence in court against multiple former associates

Swapping: Replacement of an IRA prisoner with another in a wing or prison

Sympathizer: Person supportive of the general aims of a political organization

Tanáiste: Irish Deputy Prime Minister

Taoiseach: Irish Prime Minister

Tariff: The minimum number of years to be served of a sentence

Tossed: See ‘spin’

Tout: Slang for informer

Troops Out Movement: British non-violent, pro-republican campaigning organization

Twenty-Six Counties: Republic of Ireland (aka the ‘South’ [sic])

Ulster Defence Association: Loyalist paramilitary organization (aka Ulster Freedom Fighters)

Unaligned: Activist who endeavours to support the objectives of a political organization or grouping to which they do not belong

Uninvolved: Person of no political connection

UK: United Kingdom of Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) and Northern Ireland

Ulster Volunteer Force: Illegal Loyalist paramilitary organization

Uxbridge Eight: An IRA unit in London

Verbals: Interview notes concocted by police (aka ‘verballed’ and ‘verballing’)

Visiting Order: Document authorizing prison visits

Volunteer: Member of the IRA or INLA

Walton: Liverpool prison

Westminster: British imperial parliament in London; House of Commons/ House of Lords

Wing: Section of a prison

Winson Green: Birmingham prison

Young Prisoner: Prisoner under 21 years of age