Читать книгу Musculoskeletal Disorders - Sean Gallagher - Страница 56

The musculoskeletal system is composed of a variety of specialized forms of tissues, including skeletal muscles, tendons, bones, joints, ligaments, and associated connective tissues. It also includes the nerves and blood vessels that bring innervation and blood supply to these structures. These tissues work together as a system, with skeletal muscles contracting as a result of nervous impulses leading to movement through force exertion on tendons, which then pull on bones. Most muscles cross one or more joints (producing movement in the joints that they cross) before attaching to the articulating bones that form a joint. With muscle contraction, one articulating bone is drawn toward the other. One bone is typically held in its original position, because other muscles stabilize it or contract in the opposing direction, or because the structure of the bone or joint makes it less movable. Ligaments provide stability to these joints. In this chapter, we will discuss the basic structure and function of each of these tissues, except for the basic structure and function nerves, which will be discussed in Chapter 4. Repair properties of each of these tissues will be discussed in Chapter 11.