Читать книгу Musculoskeletal Disorders - Sean Gallagher - Страница 79

Skeletal muscle is also an endocrine system and serves as a major site of insulin‐stimulated glucose disposal and homeostasis (Mukund & Subramaniam, 2019). It secretes a variety of cytokines and peptides, termed “myokines,” including interleukin (IL)‐8, IL‐18, IL‐15, insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). These factors are regulated by muscle contractile activity and exercise. These myokines exert autocrine (self), paracrine (related only to the local vicinity of the organ producing the factor), and endocrine (systemic signaling) effects in a context‐dependent manner that enables muscles to maintain metabolic homeostasis during health and exercise, and responses during chronic metabolic conditions and disorders. This will be discussed further in Chapters 11 and 15.