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The Hyksos is a union of tribes, according to legends, which conquered Egypt in the 2nd quarter of the 2nd millennium BC.

According to the Greek-language “Egyptian History” of the Egyptian priest Manetho (III century BC), the Asian people of “unknown origin” invaded Egypt and under the leadership of their leaders, who fortified in the eastern part of the Delta in the city of Avaris (Egyptian Hat-Uar or Hut -Uaret), for a long time held power over the Egyptians, cruelly oppressing them; however, after a long war, the Hyksos were expelled from Egypt by the local rulers of Thebes, who reunited the country under their rule and restored its independence (Manetho. Fr. 42—52). According to Manetho, the Egyptians called the conquerors a phrase meaning “shepherd kings” and sounds in Greek transcription like the Hyksos (ὑκσώς).

The Hyksos invaded with chariots, armor, bronze weapons, and compound bows. It was from the Hyksos that the Egyptians borrowed such inventions as the war chariot and the composite bow, which was distinguished by a greater range. It is believed that a Hyksos chariot drawn by two or three armored horses usually had two warriors. One of them, a charioteer, drove a team and held a small shield in his hand, protecting himself and the archer standing next to enemy arrows and javelins. The archer, on the other hand, was dressed in a helmet and scaled or plate armor made of bronze. His neck was securely covered by a strong wide collar. In case of close combat, the archer and the driver had swords. But in the Homeric tradition of Homer’s Iliad, and according to the image on the stele from Mycenae, the chariot’s main weapon was the longest peak.

However, judging by the well-known episode of the battle of Ramses II with the Hittites: “And there were three of them (enemies) per chariot,” and with him (Ramses II) there was not even “neither a marianne (charioteer) nor a shield-bearer” – the crew of the Hittite chariot consisted of three people. In the legend about Karatu, who besieged (Post-Hyksos period) Udm (Edom) the Great, the capital of the kingdom of the Hurrians, the father of the Hurrian maiden, the king, wishing to pay off, suggests: “Take silver and gold, as much gold as you want; take three horses and a chariot” … Karath needs a wife, and he rejects the offer: “Why do I need… a chariot with three yokes, well fitted.” Consequently, three horses were also harnessed to a Hurrian chariot (possibly a royal one). And here an interesting detail opens up – troikas harnessed to carts. The author knows of no other triplets in antiquity, except in Russia.

“No, – so that no one, on the art of driving and on strength,

Before others, I didn’t blaze in front with sopostatami to beat or turn back: you will weaken yourself.

Who, in his chariot, will come to another chariot, with a lance ahead: the best way for horsemen.

Doing so, both ancient walls and hailstones were smashed,

keeping the mind and spirit in the valiant Persians “Iliad, Homer

But all the same, the battle was fought by chariot fighters with shock long spears, in the manner of medieval knights. The formation of the chariot fighters was relatively free, linear, for possible maneuver. The goal was to knock an enemy soldier off the chariot, and the spear had to break, otherwise the impulse would have thrown the warrior out of the chariot. In the event of an attack by the chariot fighters of the enemy infantry, the maneuver was even more difficult. The chariot was supposed to attack the infantry not head-on, into the front, but at an acute angle – that is, the driver ruled along the enemy formation, and the warrior smashed the infantry with a heavy spear. If the chariot fighter used a ramming blow, then the spear broke, and the warrior used a spare. Horses, unlike war elephants, cannot push through infantry. Therefore, chariots cannot and could not break through the infantry formation, they only inflicted huge damage on the infantry, remaining invulnerable. Later, the Klibanarii acted in the same way against the infantry – they drove up to the ranks, struck a terrible blow with a spear, and drove away, remaining invulnerable. Moreover, the rider’s spear must break, otherwise he could fly out of the saddle. The union of the Hyksos tribes included the Danaans, as the Hellenic myths say. They say that Danai and Egypt were brothers, Danai ruled Libya, and Egypt ruled Egypt, that is, the Danai ruled northern Egypt, such data remained in Greek myths. Having quarreled, Egypt expelled Danae and his daughters from Egypt, and they settled in the Peloponnese. The names of the cities of the Hyksos, Tanais and Avaris, are also important, obviously from the names of the tribesmen (Varov-Avars and Danes-Danai). In Greek sources, there is also the leader Hunei, who remained in Egypt after the Trojan War.

Stele with a child’s image of Ramses II.

The hairstyle is identical to Cretan. Fehr’s frescoes show similar patterns

Next to it is a fresco from Fera with a boy, with a cut-out head and curls. A similar hairstyle for the children of the pharaoh.

That is, as you can see, the Huns-Hans, having passed from the Ob basin to Egypt, India and China and reaching the banks of the Oder, shared such a peculiar cultural tradition, as well as peculiar views on children’s hairstyles. But the tradition has remained, judging by the images. And, as you can see, the memory of this remained in the myths of other peoples.

The word Γίγαντες consists of two words Gaea (Old Greek) Γῆ, Γᾶ, Γαῖα – “Earth” and γαντες. The name of the giants of Hellas is also similar to the Pomeranian Huns, and the Slavic Gans (Kans, Velikans) and are associated with the serpent cult, like the Huns of Eurasia.

And this is what Homer writes about a leader named Guney. (Guney (ancient Greek Γουνεύς)) is a character of ancient Greek mythology. He is the son of Okita and Avrophyta, from Keith, from northwestern Thessaly he brought the Enians under Troy on 22 ships, Hunei was named the leader of the Enians and Perrebians, and upon his return he got into a storm near Mount Caferea. Having left the ships, he arrived in Libya and settled on the banks of the Kinipa River. Here, under the name Enian, Homer gives the earliest mention of the Wends (Eneds, whom Quintus Curtius Rufus also calls genetics. It must be said that the word WANAX, king, was pronounced by the Greeks as ANAKS).

But from Kifa Guney with twenty and two ships

He sailed, leading the Aenians and the warlike, strong Perrebians,

A tribe of men who settled around Dodona cold,

The lands of those who plowed, on whom the merry Titaresus makes noise,

Quickly in Penei rushing magnificently rolling waters,

Which he does not merge anywhere with the Penei of silver,

Homer. Iliad II 748.

That is, Homer indicates where the Huns-Gants lived in a time close to him – in Thessaly, where it was possible to engage in horse breeding, and the Eneta-Venets are immediately mentioned. And next to the Huns, which will be important in other parts of the book. The leader of the Huns of Asia Minor was obviously also Gannimed, the hero of the Hellenic epic. According to myths, he was a Trojan prince, and for his beauty was taken alive to heaven by Zeus himself. And here, it should be remembered that, judging by the finds in the Three lobular temporal rings, jade axes, incredibly similar to the stone axes of the Borodino treasure, attributed to the Seima-Turbino culture, then Troy apparently belonged to this culture of the same time. And the name Gunnimed – “Leader of the Ghans” here no longer looks like an accident, but shows that the Greeks remembered the name of that tribe that came from Asia.

Minos founded the cities of Knossos, Festus and Kydonia. Once every nine years, he retired to the cave of Zeus, the city of Ida, (by the way, the city of Ida near Troy) in order to receive laws from him. Minos is considered the founder of the Cretan maritime dominance. Festus can be translated from Greek as shining, shining from φάe shining. Pasiphae (ancient Greek.

Menes (the name “Menes” (“Men”) is described by the ancient Egyptian historian Manetho, other forms of his name are Mina (according to Herodotus) and Menny; translated from the ancient Egyptian Mena means “Strong”, “Strong”, “Eternal”) According to the late Egyptian and ancient tradition, Menes was an experienced warlord of Egypt. Selket (also known as Selchis, Selkis, Selkhit, Selkit, Serkhet, Serket-hetit and Serkuet) is a goddess in Egyptian mythology – the patroness of the dead, the daughter of Ra, who helps him to hit enemies. Especially revered in Lower Egypt. The sacred animal Selket is a scorpion. Images of Selket in the form of a woman with a scorpion on her head were often placed (along with images of Isis, Nephthys and Neith) on sarcophagi and canopic boxes. The Selket cult is closely connected with the story of the great warrior Menes (King of the Scorpions). Under the auspices of the Scorpion Goddess, Menes won many wars and became her faithful priest. The king loved and respected the goddess and therefore wore the coat of arms with the image of a scorpion and called himself the Scorpion King. In the death of a warrior, Selket took him to her service in heaven, thereby forever taking away from the soul the opportunity to reincarnate. (i.e. it is possible that the scorpio zodiac sign comes from Menes)

So the legend of Menes is similar to the legend of King Minos from Crete and, obviously, the legend was brought to Egypt by the Danians, which proves this and the worship of the four gods in Egypt under Akhenaten, who carried out a religious reform (Aton is the sun god, Hator is the goddess of the earth, Shu is the god air and Selket – the goddess of the underworld) is similar to the Cretan Pantheon. (Ilios is the sun god, Summer is the goddess of the Earth, Ill is Apollo the god of light, Elicia is the goddess of the underworld. Menelaus (ancient Greek Μενέλᾱος, dor. Μενέλᾱς, Ion attorney Μενέλεως) is the legendary hero of Homer’s epic Iliad”, Helena’s husband. Called fair-haired (IV, 183). According to myths, Menelaus was the son of Atreus (according to the version, Plisthenes) and Aeropa, the younger brother of Agamemnon.

XXXI. ANTHEM TO THE SMOKE

Oh jumpers, the smokes that circle in a military dance,

Leaping wildly with a stomp, uttering shouts of exultation!

Lyra – not for you, violators of the harmony with a flying foot,

Armored guards, beauticians, bright with glory!

You are both retinue and orgiophants of the violent mother in the mountains!

Oh, appear favorably at the word that glorifies you,

With affection for that booss, who is forever welcomed by the soul!

That is, judging by the words of the Hymn, the Shepherd-Tsar is Apollo-Illus, and it was he who was their leader, with which the mention of the Kurets in Dionysus’s campaign to India is indicated, and Dionysus is the ambivalent essence of Apollo-Illus.

The Shepherd King, also called Van-Gopal, or Van Kupala. (Cows love water, and Apollo in myths very often appears as a shepherd of cows. Gopal in Sanskrit is a shepherd)

Herodotus told the truth. How did the Ethiopians get to the Caucasus and became Colchians? Abkhaz myths and Herodotus speak about this, complementing each other. And it seems that it was Apollo Illus, also called the King-Shepherd, who led the warriors from the steppes of Eurasia to distant Egypt, and there were traces of both the campaign and the retreat.

“The sleds, all one hundred brothers, once saddled their horses – araschi – and set off on the road-road, as always, to get glory. They ride, they ride, where the night falls, there and lodging. In the morning they saddle their horses and on the road-road. They traveled for a year and a half, and one evening they stopped under the shady branches of a large, spreading tree in the middle of a wide field, jumped off their horses, let them graze. to the sky, and the people who lived half a day’s journey from the place where the sledges were resting noticed this smoke. They were black people – Negroes. They were all so black that a brave horseman would have been frightened if he saw them. Black people equipped warriors and ordered them to find out what kind of smoke it was. “Black-faced warriors returned from reconnaissance, told the elders about everything.

Black-faced men and women, old and young, gathered, consulted and decided to meet the intruders with dignity – to fight, while alive. And they began to build fortifications on the side from which the white-skinned heroes are coming.

The next morning the sleds set off as usual and were very happy when they saw the black faces at noon. But soon the Narts noticed that the black people were going to meet them with spears and arrows. Then the cards, who did not like bloodshed, selected several of their warriors and sent them without weapons, so that those blacks would make sure that not enemies were coming to them, but friends. But the black-faced shot arrows at them, wounded two sledges, and the soldiers had to return. The Narts conferred and again sent their unarmed envoys. But the same thing happened as at first. Then all a hundred sledges mounted their fire-like araschi horses and rushed at the black-faced ones, like angry bison, destroyed the walls of the fortification, trampled many of them with the hooves of their horses, knocked desperate brave men down with a whip, and while the sledges did not use the checkers. The black-faced people understood who they were dealing with and that the sledges did not harm the innocent, asked for peace and made peace. The black-faced men made a great feast. The sledges spent exactly one month with the black-faced. And when they returned back to their homeland, the black-faced gave them a lot of cattle, and one hundred of the best black-faced horsemen went with them to see how the famous sledges live and stay with them. A hundred brothers of the Narts returned to Apsny (Abkhazia), with them a hundred black-faced from a distant land. I liked the black-faced Apsny very much, and when the time for parting came a month later, half of the guests returned to their homeland, and the other half of the guests remained forever in the local area. “Here the history of the Abkhazians who went on a campaign to Egypt is indicated, and as evidence, the undoubted existence of the dark-skinned Ethiopians of the Kolkhs, mentioned by Herodotus.

The beginning of the emergence of Indo-European culture is precisely the Yamnaya culture, which, as is generally accepted in modern science, and international science considers it proved that Indo-Europeans came to Europe from the Ciscaucasia and specifically the Volga and Don regions, and even in the passports of Anglo-Saxon states, white Europeans are called “Caucasians”, that is, people from the Caucasus, or rather, the Ciscaucasia. The pits were already familiar with the wheel and made blackened ceramics. The Yamnaya culture is replaced by the catacomb culture, and in the era of this culture, temporal lobed rings, blackened polished ceramics with an extruded pattern and spiral ornaments appear, and it is named according to the custom of burying the dead in catacombs, consisting of a dromos (corridor) and a burial chamber built under a burial chamber. … It was the people of the catacomb culture who began widespread settlement in European regions, and Minyan (blackened) ceramics are found from Turkestan to Hellas, where they began to make ceramic products with an extruded, rather than painted, spiral ornament. Further, this culture is replaced by the Srubnaya culture, adjacent to the Abashev and Andronov cultures, among the monuments of which there are already such religious symbols as the swastika and the meander. Blackened ceramics, lobed rings and boat-shaped goblets made of wood are also among the artifacts of these cultures, and burials with the disposal of the dead are also numerous. Implying belief in the possibility of the existence of “malicious (revived” dead”, inspiring fear to the living. Andronovtsy lived in the territories from the Urals to China, being present in the present-day Gansu province of China. And here for the first time you can see the toponymy and the name of tribes with the name Hun-gantgan. In Troy, monuments similar to the monuments of the Seima-Turbino culture were found (jade axes, four in number, as in the Borodino hoard), and among the monuments of that era there are also silver spears, which are obviously of a magical character, as a weapon against the “living dead.” At a later time, such units were among the Persian kings of the Achaemenid times, according to Quintus Curtius Rufus, and the famous argyraspid unit (silver copies) of the Macedonian tsars, and even much later, among the Russian tsars the bells were armed with silver hatchets, that is, in this era the belief in the magic of silver existed. In a series of Trojan myths, the Trojan prince Gannimed is already found, whose name translates as “The leader of the Gants”, and Hellas of the time of Homer already remembers the tribes of the Huns, and it speaks of the King Gunia from Thessaly.

But from Kifa Guney with twenty and two ships

Sailed, leading the Aenians and warlike, strong Perrebes, (Homer, Iliad)

All who inhabited Mycenae, a wide street city,

(Homer “Iliad”, II, 569—580)

Mycenae (ancient Greek Μυκῆναι, Greek Μυκήνες) is an ancient city in Argolis, one of the centers of the Cretan-Mycenaean culture, later – the ancient Greek civilization, dates back to the second millennium BC. e. The city is located in the Peloponnese, 90 km in a straight line to the southwest of Athens. It is currently in ruins. According to legend, the city was built by Perseus, although according to archaeological excavations and comparison of myths and archaeological data, it is more likely that the Danaans only captured the city from the Pelasgians, as described in the myth of Danae and Egypt. According to Greek tradition, the descendants of Danaus and those who migrated from Elis ruled in Mycenae. amifaonides, and then pelopids. The most famous king of Mycenae is Agamemnon, glorified in the Iliad.

This is how the traveler of antiquity Pausanias describes Mycenae: “Now from Mycenae only part of the city wall and the gate on which lions stand… Between the Mycenaean ruins flows a source (Perseus); there are underground buildings of Atreus (father of Agamemnon) and his sons; in these There is the grave of Atreus and all those who returned from Troy with Agamemnon and whom Aegisthus killed at the feast… But Clytemnestra and Aegisthus are buried at some distance from the wall: they were deemed unworthy to lie inside, where were buried Agamemnon and his companions.”

Cretan goddess in a Scythian hat

The photo above is the rarest, unfortunately, we could not find the full image. Found only in the album “Aegean Art” 1972. editions. This is about openness in science, and take a look at the stowet’s headdress. Before us is a Scythian hat, no more and no less, another proof of the migration of the Huns-Gans at the beginning of the third millennium to Hellas and Egypt. Then the Hans proceeded to India, and the myth about this remained in the form of the myth of Dionysus’s campaign in India. that is, the identity of the shepherd kings (Hyksos) and the Huns-Hans is obvious.

The name Mycenae comes from one of the names of the bull, this is the ancient Greek word from Homer μυκώμεναι (Hom.) – to roar, moo like a bull. There is also an image of a bull in the famous village of Mycenae No. 1428. The name of Mycenae, and the name of the Macedonians – the name of the city and tribe is derived from the name of a bull or a cow. And the translation of the word -δόνες- giving as a gift, worshipers, therefore, the origin of the word Danaans is likely from δόνες. Two tribes have a stem with the word δόνες, Macedonians (Greek Μακεδόνες), Myrmidonians (Old Greek Μυρμῐδόνες).

And the later Macedonians lived where myths indicate the place of residence of the Myrmidons.. So it is likely that the Macedonians are part of the Danaans. After the destruction of Mycenae and the expulsion of the inhabitants in 468. BC. The Argians took refugees in Macedonia.

“After the first fifty-oared ship built by Danaus sailed from Egypt to Hellas and was named Pentekontera, and the daughters of Danaus… she, … Gelika, and Arhedica, separated from the others, founded the sanctuary of Athena Lindia and made a sacrifice in… Linda in Rhodes, and it happened during the reign of Erichtonius in Athens, 1247 passed (1511/10). " Parian marble. That is, as you can see the proximity of the dates of 1468 BC. BC and 1511 BC. the time of events is quite understandable and does not contradict each other, but rather they explain that the Argians wanted to wait a reasonable time so as not to be punished. Moreover, the myths say that Mycenae was founded (captured) later, and not by Danae or Egypt himself, but by his grandson or great-grandson Perseus. It is likely that, as in the case of the curse of the Locrians, the period of patience of the Argos had to last 1000 years, and the date of the capture of Mycenae by the Danes in 1468 BC is obtained., though rather the Argians bided their time. Date of foundation of Mycenae-from 1511—1468 BC e. And this dating is quite real, as it is confirmed by two sources – the Parian marble and the date of the expulsion of the Mycenaeans by the Argians.