Читать книгу Green Nanomaterials - Siddharth Patwardhan - Страница 4
Contents
ОглавлениеSection I Green chemistry principles
1 Green chemistry and engineering
1.1 Principles of green chemistry and engineering
1.1.1 Overview
1.1.2 Drivers for green approaches
1.1.3 Estimating environmental impact
1.2 Ways to improve sustainability
1.3 Green chemistry and nanomaterials
2 Nanomaterials: what are they and why do we want them?
2.1 Fundamentals of the nanoscale
2.2 Tangible and historical examples of nanomaterials
2.3 Special properties offered by the nanoscale
2.3.1 Optical: surface plasmon resonance
2.3.2 Optical: quantum dots fluorescence
2.3.3 Electron spin and nanomagnetism
2.5 Nanomaterial biocompatibility and toxicity
2.6 Summary: key lessons from nanomaterials, nanoproperties and applications
Summary of content
3 Characterisation of nanomaterials
3.1 Introduction
3.2.1 Optical microscopy
3.2.3 Scanning electron microscopy
3.2.4 Transmission electron microscopy
3.3 Spectroscopy applied to nanomaterials
3.3.3 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
3.4 Diffraction and scattering techniques
3.4.2 Dynamic light scattering
3.6 Summary: key lessons for characterisation of nanomaterials
4 Conventional methods to prepare nanomaterials
4.1 Top-down and bottom-up methods
4.4 Nucleation and growth theory
4.4.2 Heterogeneous nucleation
4.5 Conventional bottom-up methods
4.6 Emerging bottom-up methods
4.6.4 Layer-by-layer self-assembly
4.6.5 Solution synthesis of nanoparticles
4.7 Summary: key lessons about conventional routes to nanomaterials
Section III From biominerals to green nanomaterials
5 Green chemistry for nanomaterials
5.1 Sustainability of nanomaterials production
5.2 Reasons behind unsustainability
5.3 Evaluation of sustainability for selected methods
5.3.1 E-factors for solution methods
5.3.2 How green is soft lithography?
5.3.3 Templated synthesis: surely sustainable?
5.4 Adopting green chemistry for nanomaterials
5.5 Biological and biochemical terminology and methods
5.5.1 Molecular biology component
5.5.2 Molecular biological techniques
5.6 Summary: key lessons about sustainability nanomaterials production
6 Biomineralisation: how Nature makes nanomaterials
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Properties and function of biomineral types
6.2.2 Bio-calcium carbonate: protection, sensor, buoyancy
6.2.3 Bio-silica: mechanical support, transport and protection
6.2.4 Bio-magnetite: sensing, cutting/grinding, iron storage
6.3 Mineral formation controlling strategies in biomineralisation
6.3.1 The universal biomineralisation process
6.4 Roles and types of organic biological components required for biomineralisation
6.4.1 Roles of organic biological components
6.4.2 Types of organic biological components
6.5 Summary: key lessons from biomineralisation for the green synthesis of nanomaterials
7 Bioinspired ‘green’ synthesis of nanomaterials
7.1 From biological to bioinspired synthesis
7.2.1 Biomineralising biomolecules
7.2.2 Abiotic peptides and proteins from biopanning
7.3 An illustration of exploiting the knowledge of nano–bio interactions
7.4 Additives as the mimics of biomineral forming biomolecules
7.4.1 The need for additives
7.4.2 The design of additives and custom synthesis
7.5 Compartmentalisation, templating and patterning
7.5.1 Confinement in a simple protein template
7.5.2 Confinement in modified cage protein templates
7.5.3 Biomimetic compartmentalisation
7.5.4 Localisation and patterning on surfaces
7.6 Scalability of bioinspired syntheses
7.7 Summary: key lessons about the journey towards bioinspired synthesis
8 Case study 1: magnetite nanoparticles
8.1 Magnetite biomineralisation in magnetotactic bacteria
8.2 Magnetosome use in applications: advantages and drawbacks
Advantages
8.3 Biomolecules and components controlling magnetosome formation
8.3.1 Magnetosome biomineralisation protein discovery
8.3.2 Bio-components for each step of biomineralisation
8.4 Biokleptic use of Mms proteins for magnetite synthesis in vitro
8.5 Understanding Mms proteins in vitro
8.6 Development and design of additives: emergence of bioinspired magnetite nanoparticle synthesis
8.6.1 Development from biomineralisation proteins: MmsF
8.6.2 Screening non-biomineralisation proteins: magnetite interacting proteins
8.7 Summary: key learning, and the future (towards manufacture)
9 Case study 2: silica
9.1 Biosilica occurrence and formation
9.2 Biomolecules controlling biosilica formation
9.3 Learning from biological silica synthesis: in vitro investigation of bioextracts
9.4 Emergence of bioinspired synthesis using synthetic ‘additives’
9.4.1 Which amino acids are important?
9.4.2 Would (homo)polypeptides be sufficient to promote silica formation?
9.4.3 Peptides from biopanning
9.4.4 Do we need peptides or biomolecules?
9.4.5 Can smaller molecules provide similar activities?
9.5 Benefits of bioinspired synthesis
