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A significant portion of the nominal power provided for welding can be lost to the surroundings, as illustrated in Figure 2.1 using GTAW as an example. The surrounding air, the water‐cooled contact tube, and the backing plate can all pick up a certain portion of the nominal power.

Figure 2.1 Heat losses to the surroundings in GTAW. A portion of the nominal power Q (= current × voltage) generated is lost to the surroundings as shown.