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Sindo Kou
Welding Metallurgy
Читать книгу Welding Metallurgy - Sindo Kou - Страница 1
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Страница 1
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Welding Metallurgy
Copyright
Страница 9
Preface to Third Edition
Страница 11
1 Welding Processes
1.1 Overview 1.1.1 Fusion Welding Processes
1.1.1.1 Power Density of Heat Source
1.1.1.2 Welding Processes and Materials
1.1.1.3 Types of Joints and Welding Positions
1.1.2 Solid‐State Welding Processes
1.2 Gas Welding 1.2.1 The Process
1.2.2 Three Types of Flames 1.2.2.1 Neutral Flame
1.2.2.2 Reducing Flame
1.2.2.3 Oxidizing Flame
1.2.3 Advantages and Disadvantages
1.3 Arc Welding 1.3.1 Shielded Metal Arc Welding
1.3.1.1 Functions of Electrode Covering
1.3.1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages
1.3.2 Gas–Tungsten Arc Welding 1.3.2.1 The Process
1.3.2.2 Polarity
1.3.2.3 Electrodes
1.3.2.4 Shielding Gases
1.3.2.5 Advantages and Disadvantages
1.3.3 Plasma Arc Welding 1.3.3.1 The Process
1.3.3.2 Arc Initiation
1.3.3.3 Keyholing
1.3.3.4 Advantages and Disadvantages
1.3.4 Gas–Metal Arc Welding 1.3.4.1 The Process
1.3.4.2 Shielding Gases
1.3.4.3 Modes of Metal Transfer
1.3.4.4 Advantages and Disadvantages
1.3.5 Flux‐Cored Arc Welding 1.3.5.1 The Process
1.3.6 Submerged Arc Welding 1.3.6.1 The Process
1.3.6.2 Advantages and Disadvantages
1.3.7 Electroslag Welding 1.3.7.1 The Process
1.3.7.2 Advantages and Disadvantages
1.4 High‐Energy‐Beam Welding 1.4.1 Electron Beam Welding 1.4.1.1 The Process
1.4.1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages
1.4.2 Laser Beam Welding 1.4.2.1 The Process
1.4.2.2 Reflectivity
1.4.2.3 Shielding Gas
1.4.2.4 Laser‐Assisted Arc Welding
1.4.2.5 Advantages and Disadvantages
1.5 Resistance Spot Welding
1.6 Solid‐State Welding 1.6.1 Friction Stir Welding
1.6.2 Friction Welding
1.6.3 Explosion and Magnetic‐Pulse Welding
1.6.4 Diffusion Welding
Examples
Answer:
Answer
References
Further Reading
Problems
2 Heat Flow in Welding
2.1 Heat Source 2.1.1 Heat Source Efficiency
2.1.1.1 Definition
2.1.1.2 Measurements
2.1.1.3 Heat Source Efficiencies in Various Welding Processes
2.1.2 Melting Efficiency
2.1.3 Power Density Distribution of Heat Source 2.1.3.1 Effect of Electrode Tip Angle
2.1.3.2 Measurements
2.2 Heat Flow During Welding 2.2.1 Response of Material to Welding Heat Source
2.2.2 Rosenthal's Equations
2.2.2.1 Rosenthal's Two‐Dimensional Equation
2.2.2.2 Rosenthal's Three‐Dimensional Equation
2.2.2.3 Step‐by‐Step Application of Rosenthal's Equations
2.2.3 Adams' Equations
2.3 Effect of Welding Conditions
2.4 Computer Simulation
2.5 Weld Thermal Simulator 2.5.1 The Equipment
2.5.2 Applications
2.5.3 Limitations
Examples
Answer:
Answer:
Answer:
References
Further Reading
Problems
3 Fluid Flow in Welding
3.1 Fluid Flow in Arcs
3.1.1 Sharp Electrode
3.1.2 Flat‐End Electrode
3.2 Effect of Metal Vapor on Arcs 3.2.1 Gas−Tungsten Arc Welding
3.2.2 Gas−Metal Arc Welding
3.3 Arc Power‐ and Current‐Density Distributions
3.4 Fluid Flow in Weld Pools 3.4.1 Driving Forces for Fluid Flow
3.4.2 Heiple's Theory for Weld Pool Convection
3.4.3 Physical Simulation of Fluid Flow and Weld Penetration
3.4.4 Computer Simulation of Fluid Flow and Weld Penetration
3.5 Flow Oscillation and Ripple Formation
3.6 Active Flux GTAW
3.7 Resistance Spot Welding
Examples
Answer
Answer
References
Further Reading
Problems
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