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Gas welding is a welding process that melts and joins metals by heating them with a flame caused by the reaction between a fuel gas and oxygen. Oxyacetylene welding (OAW), shown in Figure 1.8, is the most commonly used gas welding process because of its high flame temperature. A flux may be used to deoxidize and cleanse the weld metal. The flux melts, solidifies, and forms a slag skin on the resultant weld metal. Figure 1.9 shows three different types of flames in OAW: neutral, reducing, and oxidizing [4], which are described next.

Figure 1.8 Oxyacetylene welding: (a) overall process; (b) welding area enlarged.

Figure 1.9 Three types of flames in oxyacetylene welding [4].

Source: Welding Journal, 1969, © American Welding Society.