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First efforts in biography 361
Biographers of the nineteenth century 362
Stratford topography 363
Specialised studies in biography 363
Epitomes 364
Aids to study of plots and text 364
Concordances 364
Bibliographies 365
Critical studies 365
Shakespearean forgeries 365
John Jordan (1746–1809) 366
The Ireland forgeries (1796) 366
List of forgeries promulgated by Collier and others (1835–1849) 367
II—THE BACON-SHAKESPEARE CONTROVERSY
Its source 370
Toby Matthew’s letter of 1621 371
Chief exponents of the theory 371
Its vogue in America 372
Extent of the literature 372
Absurdity of the theory 373
III—THE YOUTHFUL CAREER OF THE EARL OF SOUTHAMPTON
Shakespeare and Southampton 374
Southampton’s parentage 374
1573, Oct. 6 Southampton’s birth 375
His education 375
Recognition of Southampton’s beauty in youth 377
His reluctance to marry 378
Intrigue with Elizabeth Vernon 379
1598 Southampton’s marriage 379
1601–3 Southampton’s imprisonment 380
Later career 380
1624, Nov. 10 His death 381
IV—THE EARL OF SOUTHAMPTON AS A LITERARY PATRON
Southampton’s collection of books 382
References in his letters to poems and plays 382
His love of the theatre 383
Poetic adulation 384
1593 Barnabe Barnes’s sonnet 384
Tom Nash’s addresses 385
1595 Gervase Markham’s sonnet 387
1598 Florio’s address 387
The congratulations of the poets in 1603 387
Elegies on Southampton 389
V—THE TRUE HISTORY OF THOMAS THORPE AND ‘MR. W. H.’
The publication of the ‘Sonnets’ in 1609 390
The text of the dedication 391
Publishers’ dedications 392
Thorpe’s early life 393
His ownership of the manuscript of Marlowe’s Lucan 393
His dedicatory address to Edward Blount in 1600 394
Character of his business 395
Shakespeare’s sufferings at publishers hands 396
The use of initials in dedications of Elizabethan and Jacobean books 397
Frequency of wishes for ‘happiness’ and ‘eternity’ in dedicatory greetings 398
Five dedications by Thorpe 399
‘W. H.’ signs dedication of Southwell’s ‘Poems’ 400
‘W. H.’ and Mr. William Hall 402
The ‘onlie begetter’ means ‘only procurer’ 403
VI—‘MR. WILLIAM HERBERT’
Origin of the notion that ‘Mr. W. H.’ stands for William Herbert 406
The Earl of Pembroke known only as Lord Herbert in youth 407
Thorpe’s mode of addressing the Earl of Pembroke 408
VII—SHAKESPEARE AND THE EARL OF PEMBROKE
Shakespeare with the acting company at Wilton in 1603 411
The dedication of the First Folio in 1623 412
No suggestion in the sonnets of the youth’s identity with Pembroke 413
Aubrey’s ignorance of any relation between Shakespeare and Pembroke 414
VIII—THE ‘WILL’ SONNETS
Elizabethan meanings of ‘will’ 416
Shakespeare’s uses of the word 417
Shakespeare’s puns on the word 418
Arbitrary and irregular use of italics by Elizabethan and Jacobean printers 419
The conceits of Sonnets cxxxv.-vi. interpreted 420
Sonnet cxxxv 421
Sonnet cxxxvi 422
Sonnet cxxxiv 425
Sonnet cxliii 426
IX—THE VOGUE OF THE ELIZABETHAN SONNET, 1591–1597
1557 Wyatt’s and Surrey’s Sonnets published 427
1582 Watson’s Centurie of Love 428
1591 Sidney’s Astrophel and Stella 428
I. Collected sonnets of feigned love 429
1592 Daniel’s Delia 430
Fame of Daniel’s sonnets 431
1592 Constable’s Diana 431
1593 Barnabe Barne’s sonnets 432
1593 Watson’s Tears of Fancie 433
1593 Giles Fletcher’s Licia 433
1593 Lodge’s Phillis 433
1594 Drayton’s Idea 434
1594 Percy’s Cœlia 435
1594 Zepheria 435
1595 Barnfield’s sonnets to Ganymede 435
1595 Spenser’s Amoretti 435
1595 Emaricdulfe 436
1595 Sir John Davies’s Gullinge Sonnets 436
1596 Linche’s Diella 437
1596 Griffin Fidessa 437
1596 Thomas Campion’s sonnets 437
1596 William Smith’s Chloris 437
1597 Robert Tofte’s Laura 438
Sir William Alexander’s Aurora 438
Sir Fulke Greville’s Cœlica 438
Estimate of number of love-sonnets issued between 1591 and 1597 439
II. Sonnets to patrons, 1591–1597 440
III. Sonnets on philosophy and religion 440
X—BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE ON THE SONNET IN FRANCE, 1550–1600
Ronsard (1524–1585) and ‘La Pléiade’ 442
The Italian sonnetteers of the sixteenth century 442n.
Philippe Desportes (1546–1606) 443
Chief collections of French sonnets published between 1550 and 1584 444
Minor collections of French sonnets published between 1553 and 1605 444
INDEX
A Life of William Shakespeare with portraits and facsimiles

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