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Besides their important crime-related duties, local police departments have a multitude of other responsibilities. Because the police are a twenty-four-hour-a-day resource that is just a phone call away (via 911), citizens call on the police for all sorts of troubles. The local police department is often the social agency of first resort for people in need of assistance. Officers regularly deal with family members and neighbors who do not get along; they deal with homelessness issues and people with mental illness and substance abuse problems. None of these issues necessarily relate to criminal behaviors, but all require police resources.

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Figure 1.2 Crime Rate, 1960–2017

Note: 2017 was most recent data available at time of publication.

Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics