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1. Quoted by Miss Shinn. Overland Monthly. January, 1894.

2. The Nineteenth Century (1891). Cf. the somewhat fantastic and not too serious paper by S. S. Buckman on “Babies and Monkeys” in the same journal (1894).

3. See, for example, the works of H. Ploss, Das Kind in Brauch und Sitte, and Das kleine Kind.

4. These difficulties seem to me to be curiously overlooked in Prof. Mark Baldwin’s recent utterance on child psychology. (Mental Development in the Child and the Race, chap. ii.) In this optimistic presentment of the subject there is not the slightest reference to the difficult work of interpretation. Child-study is talked of as a perfectly simple mode of observation, requiring at most to be supplemented by a little experiment, and, it may be added, backed by a firm theory.

5. In these days of published reminiscences of childhood it is quite refreshing to meet with a book like Mr. James Payn’s Gleams of Memory, which honestly confesses that its early recollections are almost nil.

6. Since this was written the authoress of Little Lord Fauntleroy has shown us how clear and far-reaching a memory she has of her childish experiences.

7. The great advantage which the female observer of the infant’s mind has over her male competitor is clearly illustrated in some recent studies of childhood by American women. I would especially call attention to a study by Miss M. W. Shinn of the University of California (Development of a child. Notes on the writer’s niece), where the minute and painstaking record (e.g., of the child’s colour discrimination and visual space exploration) points to the ample opportunity of observation which comes more readily to women.

8. Mental Development in the Child and the Race, chap. iii.

9. L’Enfant, p. 142.

10. Since writing the above I have had my opinion strongly confirmed by reading a record of sayings of children carried out by women students in an American Normal College (Thoughts and Reasonings of Children, classified by H. W. Brown, Teacher of Psychology in State Normal School, Worcester, Mass., with introduction by E. H. Russell, Principal: reprinted from the Pedagogical Seminary). Many of the quaint sayings noted down lose much of their psychological point from our complete ignorance of the child’s home-experience, companionships, school and training.