Читать книгу Industrial Environmental Management - Tapas K. Das - Страница 2
Table of Contents
Оглавление1 Cover
3 Preface
6 1 Why Industrial Environmental Management? 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Environmental Management in Industries 1.3 Waste as Pollution 1.4 Defining Pollution Prevention 1.5 The ZDZE Paradigm 1.6 Zero Discharge Industries 1.7 Sustainability, Industrial Ecology, and Zero Discharge (Emissions) 1.8 Why Zero Discharge Is Critical to Sustainability 1.9 The New Role of Process Engineers and Engineering Firms 1.10 Zero Discharge (Emissions) Methodology 1.11 Making the Transition 1.12 Constraints and Challenges 1.13 The Structure of the Book Problems References
7 2 Genesis of Environmental Problem Worldwide 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Genesis of the Environmental Problem 2.3 Causes of Pollution and Environmental Degradation 2.4 Industrialization and Urbanization in the United States 2.5 Important Technological Developments 2.6 Industrial Disasters 2.7 Environmental Law 2.8 Pollution Control Laws 2.9 Resource Sustainability 2.10 Polluter Pays Principle 2.11 Theory/Environmental Law Debate 2.12 International Law 2.13 The Legal and Regulatory Framework for Environmental Protection in India 2.14 United States Environmental Law 2.15 ISO 9000 and 14000 2.16 Current Environmental Regulatory Development in the United States: From End‐of‐Pipe Laws and Regulations to Pollution Prevention 2.17 Greenhouse Gases Examples (Multiple Choice) Problems References
8 3 Industrial Pollution Sources, Its Characterization, Estimation, and Treatment 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Wastewater Sources 3.3 Wastewater Characteristics 3.4 Chemical Characteristics 3.5 Industrial Wastewater Variation 3.6 Industrial Wastestream Variables 3.7 Concentration vs. Mass of the Pollution 3.8 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 3.9 Air Quality 3.10 The Ideal Gas Law and Concentration Measurements in Gases 3.11 Other Applications of the Ideal Gas Law 3.12 Gas Flow Measurement 3.13 Flow at Standard Temperature and Pressure 3.14 Gas Flowrate Conversion from SCFM to ACFM 3.15 Corrections for Percent O2 3.16 Boiler Flue Gas Concentrations Are Usually Corrected to 3% Oxygen 3.17 Air‐to‐Fuel Ratio and Stoichiometric Ratio 3.18 Material Balances and Energy Balances 3.19 Wastes in the United States 3.20 Hazardous Waste 3.21 Incineration, Destruction, and WtE 3.22 Hazardous Waste Landfill (Sequestering, Isolation, etc.) 3.23 Radioactive Waste 3.24 Coal 3.25 Low‐Level Waste 3.26 Nuclear Waste Management Problems References
9 4 Industrial Wastewater, Air Pollution, and Solid and Hazardous Wastes 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Industrial Process Water 4.3 Common Elements, Radicals, and Chemicals in Water Analysis 4.4 Purposes and Objectives for Inspecting and Sampling 4.5 Sampling and QA/QC Plan 4.6 Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing 4.7 Flow Measurements 4.8 The Point of Compliance with the Water Quality Standards 4.9 Water Quality Modeling 4.10 Example NPDES Permits (for Refinery and Aluminum Smelter are shown in Section D.1) 4.11 Air Pollution Perspective 4.12 Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) Permitting Process 4.13 An Overall Permitting Process 4.14 Best Available Control Technology 4.15 Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling 4.16 Dispersion Models: Indoor Concentrations 4.17 State Implementation Plan 4.18 Compliance 4.19 CAA Enforcement Provisions 4.20 Industrial Solid Wastes and Its Management 4.21 Hazardous Waste Landfill (Sequestering, Isolation, etc.) 4.22 Industrial Waste Generation Rates 4.23 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act and Superfund 4.24 Industrial Waste Management in India: Shifting Gears Problems References
10 5 Assessment and Management of Health and Environmental Risks 5.1 Health Risk Assessment 5.2 Assessing the Risks of Some Common Pollutants 5.3 Ecological Risk Assessment 5.4 Risk Management 5.5 Communicating Information on Environmental and Health Risks 5.6 Environmental Information Access on the Internet 5.7 Health and Occupational Safety 5.8 Industrial Process Safety System Guidelines 5.9 Industrial Hygiene 5.10 Atmospheric Hazards 5.11 Safety Equipment 5.12 Communication Devices 5.13 Noise 5.14 Radiation 5.15 Effects of Global Warming: Climate Change – The World's Health 5.16 Key Vulnerabilities 5.17 Energy Sector Problems References
11 6 Industrial Process Pollution Prevention 6.1 Industrial Waste 6.2 What Is Life Cycle Assessment? 6.3 LCA and LCI Software Tools 6.4 Evaluating the Life Cycle Environmental Performance of Chemical‐, Mechanical‐, and Bio‐Pulping Processes 6.5 Evaluating the Life Cycle Environmental Performance of Two Disinfection Technologies 6.6 Case Study: LCA Comparisons of Electricity from Biorenewables and Fossil Fuels 6.7 Best Available Control Technology (for Environmental Remediation) 6.8 BACT: Applications to Gas Turbine Power Plants Problems References
12 7 Economics of Manufacturing Pollution Prevention 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Economic Evaluation of Pollution Prevention 7.3 Cost Estimates 7.4 Economic Criteria for Technology Comparisons 7.5 Calculating CF 7.6 From Pollution Control to Profitable Pollution Prevention 7.7 Resource Recovery and Reuse 7.8 Profitable Pollution Prevention in the Metal‐Finishing Industry 7.9 Use of Treated Municipal Wastewater as Power Plant Cooling System Makeup Water: Tertiary Treatment vs. Expanded Chemical Regimen for Recirculating Water Quality Management 7.10 Consequences of Dirty Air: Costs–Benefits 7.11 Some On‐Going Pollution Prevention Technologies 7.12 Cost Indices and Estimating Cost of Equipment 7.13 Waste‐to‐Energy 7.14 Sustainable Economy and the Earth Problems References
13 8 Lean Manufacturing 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Engineering Data Summary and Presentation 8.3 Time Series: Process over Time 8.4 Process Capability 8.5 Lean Manufacturing 8.6 Types of Waste 8.7 Six Sigma in Industry 8.8 Lean Implementation Develops from TPS 8.9 Manufacturing System Characteristics: Process Planning Basics 8.10 Design for Life Cycle 8.11 Sustainable Design and Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing 8.12 Lean Six Sigma 8.13 Six Sigma and Lean Manufacturing 8.14 Cost vs. Quality Analysis 8.15 Assessing and Reducing Risk in Design: Cost to Manufacturer 8.16 The Heart and Soul of the Toyota Way: Lean Processes 8.17 Essential Roles of Industrial Environmental Managers 8.18 Goals of IEMs 8.19 Environmental Compliance and Compliance Assurances 8.20 Waste Reduction Problems References
14 9 Industrial Waste Minimization Methodology 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Industrial Ecology 9.3 Water–Energy Nexus 9.4 CE Indicators in Relation to Eco‐Innovation 9.5 Process Intensification and Integration Potential in Manufacturing 9.6 Manufacturing Process Integration 9.7 New Sustainable Chemicals and Energy from Black Liquor Gasification Using Process Integration and Intensification 9.8 Chemical Recovery and Power/Steam Cogeneration at Pulp and Paper Mills 9.9 Conclusions Problems References
15 10 Quality Industrial Environmental Management 10.1 Introduction: Industry and the Global Environmental Issues 10.2 Integrating LCA in Sustainable Product Design and Development 10.3 Green Chemistry: The Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry 10.4 The Hannover Principles 10.5 Sustainable Industries and Business 10.6 Six Essential Characteristics 10.7 Social Services 10.8 Environmental Regulatory Law: Command and Control Market Based, and Reflexive 10.9 Business Ethics 10.10 International Issues 10.11 Ethical Sustainability 10.12 Social Sustainability 10.13 Conclusions 10.14 Strategy for Corporate Sustainability Problems References
16 Appendix A: Conversion Factors
17 Appendix B: International Environmental Law Reference
18 Appendix C: Air Pollutant Emission Factors Reference
19 Appendix D: Frequently Asked Questions and Answers D.1 Example Chain‐of‐Custody form for Use by POTWs D.2 Water Quality Models D.3 Frequently Asked Questions D.4 Answers to Frequently Asked Questions D.5 Dispersion Model Development and Application D.6 Hazardous Waste Manifest References
20 Appendix E: Industrial Hygiene Outlines Reference
21 Appendix F: Environmental Cost‐Benefit
22 Appendix G: Resource Recovery G.1 Description of the Facility
23 Appendix H: The Hannover Principles Reference
24 Appendix I: Environmental Goals and Business Goals Are Not Two Distinct Goal Sets
25 Appendix J: Sample Codes of Ethics and Guidelines J.1 National Society of Professional Engineers Reference
26 Index
