Читать книгу Lifespan Development - Tara L. Kuther - Страница 134

Behavioral genetics is the field of study that examines how genes and experience combine to influence the diversity of human traits, abilities, and behaviors (Krüger, Korsten, & Hoffman, 2017; Plomin et al., 2013). Genotypes alone do not determine people’s traits, characteristics, or personalities; instead, development is the process by which our genetic inheritance (genotype) is expressed in observable characteristics and behaviors (phenotype). Behavioral geneticists recognize that even traits that have a strong genetic component, such as height, are modified by environmental influences (Dubois et al., 2012; Plomin, DeFries, Knopik, & Neiderhiser, 2016). Moreover, most human traits, such as intelligence, are influenced by multiple genes, and there are often multiple variants of each gene (Bouchard, 2014; Chabris, Lee, Cesarini, Benjamin, & Laibson, 2015; Knopik et al., 2017).