Читать книгу Lifespan Development - Tara L. Kuther - Страница 7
Detailed Contents
Оглавление1 Preface
4 Part I Foundations of Lifespan Human DevelopmentChapter 1: Understanding Human Development: Approaches and TheoriesWhat Is Lifespan Human Development?Development Is MultidimensionalDevelopment Is MultidirectionalDevelopment Is PlasticDevelopment Is Influenced by Multiple ContextsDevelopmental Science Is MultidisciplinaryBasic Issues In Lifespan Human DevelopmentContinuities and Discontinuities in DevelopmentIndividuals Are Active in DevelopmentNature and Nurture Influence DevelopmentTheoretical Perspectives on Human DevelopmentPsychoanalytic TheoriesFreud’s Psychosexual TheoryErikson’s Psychosocial TheoryBehaviorist and Social Learning TheoriesClassical ConditioningOperant ConditioningSocial Learning TheoryCognitive TheoriesPiaget’s Cognitive-Developmental TheoryInformation Processing TheoryContextual TheoriesVygotsky’s Sociocultural TheoryBronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Systems TheoryEthology and Evolutionary Developmental TheoryResearch In Human DevelopmentThe Scientific MethodMethods of Data CollectionObservational MeasuresSelf-Report MeasuresPhysiological MeasuresResearch DesignsCase StudyCorrelational ResearchExperimental ResearchDevelopmental Research DesignsCross-Sectional Research DesignLongitudinal Research DesignSequential Research DesignsResearch EthicsChapter 2: Biological and Environmental FoundationsGenetic Foundations of DevelopmentGeneticsCell ReproductionSex DeterminationGenes Shared by TwinsPatterns of Genetic InheritanceDominant–Recessive InheritanceIncomplete DominancePolygenic InheritanceGenomic ImprintingChromosomal and Genetic ProblemsGenetic DisordersDominant–Recessive DisordersX-Linked DisordersChromosomal AbnormalitiesMutationReproductive ChoicesGenetic CounselingReproductive TechnologyAdoptionPrenatal DiagnosisPrenatal Treatment of Genetic DisordersHeredity And EnvironmentBehavioral GeneticsMethods of Behavioral GeneticsGenetic Influences on Personal CharacteristicsGene–Environment InteractionsRange of ReactionCanalizationGene–Environment CorrelationsEpigenetic Influences on DevelopmentChapter 3: The Prenatal Period, Birth, and the NewbornPrenatal DevelopmentConceptionGerminal Period (0 to 2 Weeks)Embryonic Period (3 to 8 Weeks)Fetal Period (9 Weeks to Birth)Second Trimester (14 to 26 Weeks)Third Trimester (27 to 40 Weeks; Seventh, Eighth, Ninth Months)Contextual and Cultural Influences on Prenatal CareEnvironmental Influences on Prenatal DevelopmentPrinciples of TeratologyTypes of TeratogensPrescription and Nonprescription DrugsAlcoholCigarette SmokingMarijuanaCocaine and HeroinMaternal IllnessEnvironmental HazardsParental Characteristics and BehaviorsChildbirthLaborMedication During DeliveryCesarean DeliveryNatural ChildbirthHome BirthThe NewbornMedical and Behavioral Assessment of NewbornsThe Newborn’s Perceptual CapacitiesNewborn States of ArousalLow-Birthweight Infants: Preterm and Small-for-Date Babies
5 Part II Infancy and ToddlerhoodChapter 4: Physical Development in Infancy and ToddlerhoodBody Growth and Nutrition in Infants and ToddlersGrowth NormsBreastfeedingSolid FoodMalnutritionFailure to ThriveBrain Development During Infancy and ToddlerhoodProcesses of Neural DevelopmentThe Cerebral CortexExperience and Brain DevelopmentSleep and Brain DevelopmentEarly Learning CapacitiesHabituationClassical ConditioningOperant ConditioningImitationSensation and Perception During Infancy and ToddlerhoodVisionHearingTouchSmell and TasteIntermodal PerceptionMotor Development During Infancy and ToddlerhoodGross Motor DevelopmentFine Motor DevelopmentBiological and Contextual Determinants of Motor DevelopmentBiological Influences on Motor DevelopmentContextual Influences on Motor DevelopmentMotor Development as a Dynamic SystemChapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy and ToddlerhoodPiaget’s Cognitive-Developmental TheoryProcesses of DevelopmentSensorimotor SubstagesSubstage 1: Reflexes (Birth to 1 Month)Substage 2: Primary Circular Reactions (1 to 4 Months)Substage 3: Secondary Circular Reactions (4 to 8 Months)Substage 4: Coordination of Secondary Circular Reactions (8 to 12 Months)Stage 5: Tertiary Circular Reactions (12 to 18 Months)Substage 6: Mental Representation (18 to 24 Months)Evaluating Sensorimotor ReasoningViolation-of-Expectation TasksA-Not-B TasksDeferred Imitation TasksCore Knowledge Theory: An Alternative PerspectiveInformation Processing TheoryOrganization of the Information Processing SystemAttentionMemoryInfants’ ThinkingIndividual Differences in Infant IntelligenceTesting Approach to IntelligenceIntelligence as Information ProcessingLanguage Development in Infancy and ToddlerhoodEarly Preferences for Speech SoundsPrelinguistic CommunicationFirst WordsLearning Words: Semantic GrowthTwo-Word UtterancesTheories of Language DevelopmentLearning Theory and Language DevelopmentNativist Theory and Language DevelopmentInteractionist Perspective on Language DevelopmentChapter 6: Socioemotional Development in Infancy and ToddlerhoodPsychosocial Development in Infancy and ToddlerhoodTrust Versus MistrustAutonomy Versus Shame and DoubtEmotional Development in Infancy and ToddlerhoodInfants’ Emotional ExperienceBasic EmotionsSelf-Conscious EmotionsEmotion RegulationSocial Interaction and Emotional DevelopmentParental InteractionSocial ReferencingCultural Influences on Emotional DevelopmentEmotional Display RulesStranger WarinessTemperament in Infancy and ToddlerhoodStyles of TemperamentContext and Goodness of FitCultural Differences in TemperamentAttachment in Infancy and ToddlerhoodBowlby’s Ethological Perspective on AttachmentInfants’ Signals and Adults’ ResponsesPhases of AttachmentSecure Base, Separation Anxiety, and Internal Working ModelsAinsworth’s Strange Situation and Attachment ClassificationsAttachment-Related OutcomesInfluences on AttachmentStability of AttachmentCultural Variations in Attachment ClassificationsThe Self in Infancy and ToddlerhoodSelf-AwarenessSelf-RecognitionEmerging Self-ConceptSelf-Control
6 Part III Early ChildhoodChapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early ChildhoodPhysical Development in Early ChildhoodGrowthNutritionBrain DevelopmentMotor DevelopmentGross Motor SkillsFine Motor SkillsCognitive-Developmental and Sociocultural Reasoning in Early ChildhoodPiaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory: Preoperational ReasoningCharacteristics of Preoperational ReasoningEvaluating Preoperational ReasoningVygotsky’s Sociocultural TheoryGuided Participation and ScaffoldingZone of Proximal DevelopmentEvaluating Vygotsky’s Sociocultural TheoryInformation Processing In Early ChildhoodAttentionWorking Memory and Executive FunctionMemoryMemory for InformationMemory for ScriptsAutobiographical MemoryTheory of MindFalse BeliefContextMetacognitionLanguage Development In Early ChildhoodVocabularyEarly GrammarPrivate SpeechMoral Development in Early ChildhoodSocial Learning TheoryCognitive-Developmental TheoryHeteronomous MoralityPreconventional ReasoningConceptions of Moral, Social, and Personal IssuesEarly Childhood EducationChild-Centered and Academically Centered Preschool ProgramsEarly Childhood Education InterventionsChapter 8: Socioemotional Development in Early ChildhoodEmerging Sense of SelfPsychosocial Development in Early ChildhoodSelf-ConceptSelf-EsteemEmotional Development in Early ChlidhoodEmotional UnderstandingEmotion RegulationEmpathy and Prosocial BehaviorProsocial BehaviorInfluences on Prosocial BehaviorAggressionParentingParenting StylesAuthoritarian ParentingPermissive ParentingUninvolved ParentingAuthoritative ParentingCulture, Context, and ParentingChild MaltreatmentEffects of Child MaltreatmentRisk Factors for Child MaltreatmentGender Stereotypes, Gender Differences, and Gender DevelopmentGender Role Norms and Gender StereotypesSex DifferencesTheoretical Perspectives on Gender Role DevelopmentBiological ExplanationsCognitive ExplanationsContextual ExplanationsPlay and Peer Relationships in Early ChildhoodTypes of PlayPlay and Children’s DevelopmentPeer RelationshipsImaginary Companions
7 Part IV Middle ChildhoodChapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle ChildhoodPhysical and Motor Development in Middle ChildhoodBody GrowthMotor DevelopmentCommon Health Issues in Middle ChildhoodChildhood InjuriesChildhood ObesityCognitive Development in Middle ChldhoodPiaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory: Concrete Operational ReasoningClassificationConservationCulture and Concrete Operational ReasoningInformation ProcessingWorking Memory and Executive FunctionMetacognition and MetamemoryMemory StrategiesContext and CognitionIntelligenceIntelligence TestsIndividual and Group Differences in IQContextual Influences on IQAlternative Views of IntelligenceMultiple IntelligencesTriarchic Theory of IntelligenceMoral Development in Middle ChildhoodMoral Reasoning: Piaget’s TheoryChildren’s Conceptions of Justice: Kohlberg’s Cognitive-Developmental PerspectiveDistributive Justice ReasoningDistinguishing Moral and Conventional RulesLanguage Development in Middle ChidhoodVocabularyGrammarPragmaticsLearning and Schooling in Middle ChldhoodReading and MathematicsBilingualism and Learning a Second LanguageSimultaneous BilingualismSecond Language LearningTransition to First GradeEducating Children With Special NeedsIntellectual DisabilityAutistic Spectrum DisorderAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity DisorderLearning DisabilitiesSpecial EducationChapter 10: Socioemotional Development in Middle ChildhoodPsychosocial Development in Middle ChildhoodSelf-ConceptSelf-EsteemAchievement MotivationContextual Influences on Achievement Attributions and MotivationParentsTeachersCultural InfluencesPeer Relationships in Middle ChildhoodFriendshipPeer Acceptance, Popularity, and RejectionPopularityPeer RejectionBullyingChildren Who BullyVictims of BullyingIntervening in BullyingFamilies in Middle ChildhoodParent–Child RelationshipsSiblingsSame-Sex Parented FamiliesSingle-Parent FamiliesCohabiting FamiliesDivorced and Divorcing FamiliesBlended FamiliesCommon Socioemotional and Developmental Problems in Middle ChildhoodSchool RefusalChild Sexual AbuseResilience in Middle Childhood
8 Part V AdolescenceChapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in AdolescenceConceptions of AdolescenceIs Adolescence a Period of Storm and Stress?Adolescent MoodinessPhysical Development in AdolescencePubertyChanges in Body Size and ShapeSexual CharacteristicsSexual MaturationIndividual Differences in the Timing of Pubertal MaturationPsychosocial Effects of Pubertal TimingPuberty and Sleep PatternsNutrition and DevelopmentBrain Development in AdolescenceSocioemotional PerceptionRisk TakingAdolescent Cognitive DevelopmentPiaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory: Formal Operational ReasoningInformation Processing TheoryAttention, Response Inhibition, and Working MemoryMetacognition and Scientific ReasoningImplications of Adolescent ThinkingAdolescent EgocentrismDecision MakingAdolescent Moral DevelopmentPostconventional Moral ReasoningSocial Interaction and Moral ReasoningGender and Moral ReasoningCulture and Moral ReasoningMoral Reasoning and BehaviorSchools and Academic Functioning in AdolescenceSchool TransitionsSchool DropoutParenting and Academic CompetenceChapter 12: Socioemotional Development in AdolescencePsychosocial Development: The Changing SelfSelf-ConceptSelf-EsteemIdentityIdentity StatusesInfluences on Identity DevelopmentOutcomes Associated With Identity DevelopmentEthnic IdentityAdolescents and Their FamiliesParent–Adolescent ConflictParentingParental MonitoringAdolescents and Their PeersFriendshipsCliques and CrowdsPeer ConformityDatingAdolescent SexualitySexual ActivityLesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender AdolescentsContraceptive UseSexually Transmitted InfectionsAdolescent PregnancyProblems in AdolescenceDepression and SuicideEating DisordersAlcohol and Substance UseDelinquency
9 Part VI Emerging And Early AdulthoodChapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Emerging and Early AdulthoodEmerging Adulthood: Transition to AdulthoodMarkers of Emerging AdulthoodContextual Nature of Emerging AdulthoodPhysical Development in Emerging and Early AdulthoodPhysical ChangesFertility and Reproductive CapacityHealth, Fitness, and Wellness in Emerging and Early AdulthoodOverweight and ObesityPhysical ActivitySexual ActivitySexual CoercionSubstance AbuseAlcohol Use and AbuseMarijuanaTobaccoCognitive Development in Emerging and Early AdulthoodPostformal ReasoningPragmatic Thought and Cognitive-Affective ComplexityEvaluating Cognitive-Developmental Approaches to Adult DevelopmentEducation and Development in Emerging and Early AdulthoodDevelopmental Impact of Attending CollegeFirst-Generation College StudentsNontraditional College StudentsThe Forgotten ThirdCareer Development in Emerging and Early AdulthoodOccupational StagesInfluences on Vocational ChoiceTransition to WorkDiversity in the WorkplaceWork and FamilyChapter 14: Socioemotional Development in Emerging and Early AdulthoodPsychosocial Development in Emerging Adulthood and Early AdulthoodIdentity Versus Role ConfusionIntimacy Versus IsolationThe Social ClockRelationships in Psychosocial Development in Emerging and Early AdulthoodFriendshipRomantic RelationshipsMate SelectionComponents of LoveIntimate Partner ViolenceLifestyles and Romantic PartnershipsSinglehoodCohabitationMarriageSame-Sex MarriageDivorceParenthood in Early AdulthoodBecoming a ParentNever-Married Single ParentSame-Sex ParentsStepparentsChildlessness
10 Part VII Middle AdulthoodChapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle AdulthoodPhysical Development in Middle AdulthoodTheories of Aging: What Causes Aging?Sensory AgingVisionHearingSkin, Muscular, and Skeletal AgingReproductive AgingReproductive Changes in WomenReproductive Changes in MenHealth in Middle AdulthoodCommon IllnessesCancerCardiovascular DiseaseDiabetesStressHardiness and HealthSexual ActivityIntellectual Abilities in Middle AdulthoodFluid and Crystallized IntelligenceIntelligence Over the Adult YearsCognitive Development in Middle AdulthoodAttentionMemoryProcessing SpeedExpertiseChapter 16: Socioemotional Development in Middle AdulthoodPsychosocial Development in Middle AdulthoodErikson’s Generativity Versus StagnationLevinson’s Seasons of LifeMidlife CrisisThe Self in Middle AdulthoodSelf-Concept in Middle AdulthoodSubjective AgePossible SelvesGender Identity in Middle AdulthoodSelf and Well-Being in Middle AdulthoodPersonality in Middle AdulthoodRelationships in Middle AdulthoodFriendshipsMarriage and DivorceParent–Child RelationshipsParents to Adult ChildrenParents to Infants and Young ChildrenGrandparenthoodCaring for Aging ParentsCareers in Middle AdulthoodJob SatisfactionPlanning for Retirement
11 Part VIII Late AdulthoodChapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late AdulthoodPhysical Development in Late AdulthoodAppearanceBrain AgingThe SensesVisionHearingSmell and TasteCardiovascular, Respiratory, and Immune SystemsMotor AgingHealth in Late AdulthoodNutritionExerciseChronic IllnessArthritisOsteoporosisInjuriesMotor Vehicle AccidentsFallsDementia in Late AdulthoodAlzheimer’s DiseaseDiagnosis of Alzheimer’s DiseaseProgression of Alzheimer’s DiseaseRisk Factors for Alzheimer’s DiseaseVascular DementiaParkinson’s DiseaseLewy Body DementiaDeliriumCognitive Development in Late AdulthoodAttentionWorking MemoryContext, Task Demands, and Memory PerformanceEmotion and Working MemoryLong-Term MemoryAging and LanguageProblem Solving and WisdomInfluences on Cognitive Change in AdulthoodChapter 18: Socioemotional Development in Late AdulthoodThe Self in Late AdulthoodSubjective AgeReminiscence and Life ReviewEgo IntegrityPersonalityReligiosity in Late AdulthoodLate Adulthood and Social ContextsSocial Support in Older AdulthoodAging and the Social WorldDisengagement, Activity, and Continuity TheoriesSocioemotional Selectivity TheoryNeighborhoodsAging in PlaceResidential CommunitiesNursing HomesRelationships in Late AdulthoodFriendshipsSibling RelationshipsMarriage, Divorce, and CohabitationMarriageDivorce and RemarriageCohabitationSexuality in Late AdulthoodRelationships With Adult Children and GrandchildrenElder MaltreatmentRetirementDeciding to RetireTransition to Retirement and AdjustmentInfluences on Retirement Adjustment
12 Part IX EndingsChapter 19: Death and DyingPatterns of Mortality and Defining DeathMortalityDefining DeathEnd-of-Life IssuesAdvance DirectivesEuthanasiaPhysician-Assisted SuicideHospiceConceptions of Death Across the LifespanChildren’s Understanding of DeathAdolescents’ Understanding of DeathAdults’ Understanding of DeathDying and the Experience of DeathThe Dying ProcessEmotional Reactions to DyingThe Experience of One’s DeathThe Dying ChildThe Dying AdolescentThe Dying AdultBereavement and GriefThe Grief ProcessModels of GrievingContextual Influences on the Grief ProcessAdjusting to the Death of a Loved OneLosing a SpouseLosing a ChildLosing a ParentBereavement in Childhood and AdolescenceBereavement in ChildhoodBereavement in Adolescence
13 Glossary
14 References
15 Name Index
