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Tara L. Kuther
Infants and Children in Context
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Оглавление
Страница 1
Страница 2
Страница 3
Infants and Children in Context
Страница 5
Brief Contents
Detailed Contents
Страница 8
Preface
Contextual Perspective
Applied Emphasis
Current Research
Accessible Writing Style
Organization
Pedagogy
Learning Objectives and Summaries
Critical Thinking
Supplements
Acknowledgments
About the Author
Unit I Foundations of Child and Adolescent Development
1 Understanding Human Development: Approaches and Theories
Learning Objectives
Chapter Contents
Understanding Development
Periods of Development
Prenatal Period (Conception to Birth)
Infancy and Toddlerhood (Birth to 2 Years)
Early Childhood (2 to 6 Years)
Middle Childhood (6 to 11 Years)
Adolescence (11 to 18 Years)
Domains of Development
Contexts of Development
Thinking in Context 1.1
Lives in Context: Cultural Context Defining Culture
What Do You Think?
Basic Issues in Developmental Science
Nature and Nurture: How Do Nature and Nurture Influence Development?
Applying Developmental Science The Real-World Significance of Developmental Research
What Do You Think?
The Active Child: How Do Children Influence Their Own Development?
Continuities and Discontinuities: In What Ways Is Development Continuous and Discontinuous?
Thinking In Context 1.2
Theories of Child Development
Psychoanalytic Theories
Freud’s Psychosexual Theory
Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory
Behaviorist and Social Learning Theories
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Social Learning Theory
Cognitive Theories
Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory
Information Processing Theory
Contextual Theories
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory
Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Systems Theory
Lives in Context: Cultural Context Effects of Exposure to Community Violence
What Do You Think?
Ethology and Evolutionary Developmental Theory
Dynamic Systems Theory
Thinking in Context 1.3
Research in Human Development
The Scientific Method
Methods of Data Collection
Observational Measures
Self-Report Measures
Physiological Measures
Lives in Context: Cultural Context Methods of Studying the Brain
What Do You Think?
Research Designs
Case Study
Correlational Research
Experimental Research
Developmental Research Designs
Cross-Sectional Research Design
Longitudinal Research Design
Cross-Sequential Research Design
Research Ethics
Thinking in Context 1.4
Apply Your Knowledge
Want a better grade?
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
Descriptions of Images and Figures
2 Biological and Environmental Foundations of Development
Learning Objectives
Chapter Contents
Genetic Foundations of Development
Genetics
Cell Reproduction
Sex Determination
Genes Shared by Twins
Applying Developmental Science Prenatal Sex Selection
What Do You Think?
Patterns of Genetic Inheritance
Dominant–Recessive Inheritance
Incomplete Dominance
Polygenic Inheritance
Genomic Imprinting
Thinking in Context 2.1
Chromosomal and Genetic Problems
Genetic Disorders
Dominant–Recessive Disorders
X-Linked Disorders
Chromosomal Abnormalities
Mutation
Lives in Context: Biological Influences Genetic Engineering
What Do You Think?
Thinking in Context 2.2
Reproductive Choices
Genetic Counseling
Assisted Reproductive Technology
Adoption
Prenatal Diagnosis
Lives in Context: Cultural Context Development of Internationally Adopted Children
What Do You Think?
Prenatal Treatment of Genetic Disorders
Thinking in Context 2.3
Heredity and Environment
Behavioral Genetics
Methods of Behavioral Genetics
Genetic Influences on Personal Characteristics
Gene–Environment Interactions
Range of Reaction
Canalization
Gene–Environment Correlations
Epigenetic Influences on Development
Thinking in Context 2.4
Apply Your Knowledge
Want a better grade?
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
Descriptions of Images and Figures
3 The Prenatal Period, Birth, and the Newborn
Learning Objectives
Chapter Contents
Prenatal Development
Conception
Germinal Period (0 to 2 Weeks)
Embryonic Period (3 to 8 Weeks)
Fetal Period (9 Weeks to Birth)
Lives in Context: Biological Influences Pregnancy and the Maternal Brain
What Do You Think?
Thinking in Context 3.1
Environmental Influences on Prenatal Development
Principles of Teratology
Types of Teratogens
Prescription and Nonprescription Drugs
Alcohol
Cigarette Smoking
Cannabis
Cocaine
Opioids
Applying Developmental Science Maternal Drug Use While Pregnant
What Do You Think?
Maternal Illness
Environmental Hazards
Maternal Characteristics
Nutrition
Emotional Well-Being
Maternal Age
Paternal Characteristics
Contextual and Cultural Influences on Prenatal Care
Thinking in Context 3.2
Childbirth
Labor
Medication During Delivery
Cesarean Delivery
Natural Childbirth
Home Birth
Lives in Context: Cultural Context Cultural Differences in Childbirth
What Do You Think?
Thinking in Context 3.3
The Newborn
Medical and Behavioral Assessment of Newborns
The Newborn’s Perceptual Capacities
Newborn States of Arousal
Low-Birthweight Infants: Preterm and Small-for-Date Babies
Contextual Risks for Low Birthweight
Characteristics of Low-Birthweight Infants
Lives in Context: Community Context HIV Infection in Newborns
What Do You Think?
Outcomes of Low-Birthweight Infants
Thinking in Context 3.4
Apply Your Knowledge
Want a better grade?
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
Descriptions of Images and Figures
Unit II Infancy And Toddlerhood
4 Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
Learning Objectives
Chapter Contents
Body Growth
Growth Trends
Patterns of Growth
Nutrition and Growth
Breastfeeding
Malnutrition
Health Threats
Growth Faltering
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Failure to Vaccinate
Applying Developmental Science Why Don’t Parents Vaccinate?
What Do You Think?
Thinking in Context 4.1
Brain Development During Infancy and Toddlerhood
The Neuron
Processes of Neural Development
The Cerebral Cortex
Experience and Brain Development
Sleep and Brain Development
Lives in Context: Cultural Context Co-sleeping
What Do You Think?
Thinking in Context 4.2
Early Learning Capacities
Habituation
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Imitation
Thinking in Context 4.3
Sensation and Perception During Infancy and Toddlerhood
Methods for Studying Infant Perception
Vision
Face Perception
Object Exploration
Color Vision
Depth Perception
Hearing
Touch
Lives in Context: Family and Peer Context Neonatal Circumcision
What Do You Think?
Smell and Taste
Intermodal Perception
Lives in Context: Biological Influences Intermodal Perception and Learning
What Do You Think?
Infant–Context Interactions and Perceptual Development
Thinking in Context 4.4
Motor Development During Infancy and Toddlerhood
Gross Motor Development
Fine Motor Development
Biological and Contextual Determinants of Motor Development
Biological Influences on Motor Development
Contextual Influences on Motor Development
Motor Development as a Dynamic System
Thinking in Context 4.5
Apply Your Knowledge
Want a better grade?
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
Descriptions of Images and Figures
5 Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
Learning Objectives
Chapter Contents
Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory
Processes of Development
Sensorimotor Substages
Substage 1: Reflexes (Birth to 1 Month)
Substage 2: Primary Circular Reactions (1 to 4 Months)
Substage 3: Secondary Circular Reactions (4 to 8 Months)
Substage 4: Coordination of Secondary Circular Reactions (8 to 12 Months)
Substage 5: Tertiary Circular Reactions (12 to 18 Months)
Substage 6: Mental Representation (18 to 24 Months)
Evaluating Sensorimotor Reasoning
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