Читать книгу The Economics of Climate Change: a Primer - The Congressional Budget Office - Страница 2
Table of Contents
ОглавлениеCommon Resources: Addressing a Market Failure
The Scientific and Historical Context
The Greenhouse Effect, the Carbon Cycle, and the Global Climate
Figure 1. The Atmospheric Energy Budget and the Greenhouse Effect
Figure 2. Carbon Dioxide and Temperature
Historical Emissions and Climate Change
Figure 4. Uncertainty in Projections of Regional Population and Economic Growth
Figure 5. Uncertainty in Projections of Regional Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Emissions Intensity
Figure 6. Range of Uncertainty in Economic and Carbon Dioxide Emissions Projections
Figure 7. Historical and Projected Climate Change
The Economics of Climate Change
Common Resources and Property Rights
An Example: Common Fishing Resources
A Second Example: Common Air Resources
Balancing Competing Uses of the Atmosphere
Integrated Assessments of Costs and Benefits
Box 1. Discounting and the Distant Future
Box 2. An Example of Integrated Assessment
Evaluating the Integrated Assessment Method
Concerns Within and Among Countries
Trade-Offs Among Policy Options
Taxes and Permits: Similarities and Differences
The Distributional Effects of Regulation
Consumers Bear Most of the Direct Costs in the Long Run
Regulations and Taxes Have Substantial Distributional Effects
Distributional Effects Depend on How the Government Regulates Emissions
Ancillary Benefits of Greenhouse Gas Restrictions
International Coordination of Climate Policy
International Policy Considerations
International Institutions to Address Climate Change
