Читать книгу Principles of Public Health - Thomas Dyer Tuttle - Страница 8

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Fig. 5. Warm, dry clothing necessary for health.

Why the body should be equally covered

The body should always be kept at as nearly uniform a temperature as possible. In order to do this we wear clothing. Clothing keeps out the heat on a hot day, just as it keeps the heat in and the cold out on a cold day. The clothing should be equally heavy on all parts of the body. It is not right to wear a thick dress over your chest and leave your shoulders and arms bare, or nearly so. People who do this are killing a great many cells by letting part of their bodies become chilled while the rest is warm, probably too warm.

Why clothing should not be too heavy

The clothing should be just heavy enough to keep the body warm. If you wear such heavy clothing indoors that you are constantly perspiring, your underclothes become damp, and when you go out, even though you put on your overcoat, your body becomes chilled. If you begin to sneeze, that is Nature's way of telling you that you are killing many of your cells by too much cold.

People sometimes get warm from exercising, and then take off their coats. They should have removed their coats before they began to exercise. If you take off your coat after you are too warm, your body becomes chilled. Baseball pitchers know this, and if you watch a good pitcher, you will see that he always puts on his sweater as soon as he stops pitching, even though he is very warm. He knows that if he cools off too quickly, he will become stiff and sore and cannot pitch good ball.

When a draft is dangerous

Sometimes a person sits in a warm room until he begins to perspire freely. Then he opens a window and sits in the draft. Under ordinary conditions, the cool wind alone would chill the body, but now the rapid drying of the perspiration makes the body cool still more quickly. The sudden chill causes the person to take cold, which is simply another way of saying that he has killed many cells and caused others to fall sick, so that they cannot perform their work. We cannot get too much fresh air. Drafts do not hurt us if we are thoroughly wrapped up; but it is very dangerous to allow the wind to strike the body when it is not well protected, and especially when it is damp with perspiration.

Fig. 6. Properly prepared for wet weather.

Why damp clothing is dangerous

Damp clothing chills the body very rapidly and kills many cells. Indeed, if a single one of the germs that cause pneumonia were to enter your lungs while you were wearing damp clothing, it would grow so rapidly that you might have pneumonia in a very little while. That is why it is important to change your shoes and stockings as soon as you get them wet, and to take off immediately any clothing that becomes damp. It is hard for boys and girls to keep their feet dry in the winter and spring months, and rubbers are a nuisance; but if you expect to grow into the strong man or woman you picture yourself becoming, you must take care to wear your rubbers. Otherwise you may become weak and sickly, and never be able to do the things you hope to do.

The feet are not the only part of the body that needs to be kept dry. A wet coat is just as harmful as wet shoes and stockings; hence, you should always carry an umbrella or wear a raincoat when you go out into the rain. Umbrellas are unhandy for boys and girls to carry, but if you will remember that thousands of little cells in your body are being injured when you get wet and chilled, you will be willing to take your umbrella.

When to wear an overcoat

In cold weather the same amount of clothing should not be worn in the house and outdoors; for this reason, we have overcoats. If you wear your overcoat in the house, you will become overwarm and your underclothing will then become damp with perspiration; when you go outdoors into the cold air, this dampness will have just the same effect as would dampness that comes from outside.

Figs. 7 and 8. If you keep your overcoat on in the house, your underclothes become damp from perspiration, and when you go outdoors your body becomes chilled.

As soon as the weather gets cold, put on your overcoat every time you go outdoors, and take it off as soon as you come into the house. This is troublesome for boys and girls to do, because they want to run in and out of the house so often; but on the other hand, think of all the cells you will kill if you do not do this, and you will certainly consider it worth while to take off your coat and put it on again.

Questions. 1. How does keeping the body equally covered protect the cells? 2. Give reasons for not wearing too heavy clothing. 3. When is it safe to sit in a draft, and when dangerous? 4. What is the danger of keeping on wet shoes or other damp clothing? 5. When and why should overcoats be worn?

Remember. 1. Clothing should be just heavy enough to keep the body warm all the time. 2. Never take off your coat or sit in a draft when you are too warm. 3. Since wearing damp clothing causes a great deal of sickness, change your clothes as soon as they become wet or damp. 4. Do not forget to take your umbrella when it is raining and to wear your rubbers when the ground is wet. 5. In cold weather wear your overcoat when you are outdoors, but take it off when you come into the house.