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1. Fiske, Old Va. and Her Neighbors, Vol. II, p. 12.

2. Nar. of Early Va., p. 125.

3. Ibid., pp. 140–141.

4. Ibid., pp. 159–160.

5. Ibid., p. 192.

6. Fiske, Old Va. and Her Neighbors, Vol. I, p. 154. The facts here presented form a complete refutation of the assertion, so frequently repeated by Northern historians, that the Virginia aristocracy had its origin in this immigration of dissipated and worthless gentlemen. The settlers of 1607, 1608 and 1609 were almost entirely swept out of existence, and not one in fifty of these "gallants" survived to found families. Most of the leading planters of Virginia came from later immigrants, men of humbler rank, but of far more sterling qualities than the adventurers of Smith's day.

7. Nar. of Early Va., p. 415.

8. Neill, Va. Carolorum.

9. Ibid.

10. Ibid.

11. Ibid.

12. Ibid.

13. Va. Mag. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. XI, p. 317.

14. Fiske, Old Va. and Her Neighbors, Vol. II, p. 182.

15. Ibid., Vol. II, p. 179.

16. Ibid., Vol. II, p. 170.

17. As late as the year 1775 we find Dr. Samuel Johnson, with his usual dislike of America, repeating the old error. In speaking of the rebellious colonists, he says: "Sir, they are a race of convicts, and ought to be thankful for anything we allow them short of hanging." Boswell's Life of Samuel Johnson, Temple Classics, Vol. III, p. 174.

18. Bruce, Econ. Hist. of Va., Vol. II, pp. 380, 366.

19. Ibid., Vol. II, p. 377.

20. Neill, Va. Carolorum.

21. Bruce, Econ. Hist. of Va., Vol. II, pp. 372, 377, 574.

22. Bruce, Soc. Hist. of Va., p. 164; Econ. Hist. of Va., Vol. II, p. 531.

23. Wm. and Mary Quar., Vol. IV, p. 39.

24. Ibid., Vol. IV, p. 153.

25. Va. Mag. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. XI, p. 366.

26. Bruce, Soc. Hist. of Va., p. 91.

27. Fiske, Old Va. and Her Neighbors, Vol. II, p. 16.

28. Bruce, Soc. Hist. of Va., pp. 18 and 19.

29. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. I, p. 215.

30. Ibid., Vol. I, p. 217.

31. Fiske, Old Va. and Her Neighbors, Vol. II, p. 187.

32. Bruce, Soc. Hist. of Va., p. 83.

33. Wm. & Mary Quar., Vol. IV, p. 29; Ibid., Vol. VI, p. 173; Bruce, Soc. Life of Va., p. 85; Jones' Virginia.

34. Wm. & Mary Quar., Vol. VIII, p. 243.

35. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. XI, pp. 359, 366, 453; Vol. XII, pp. 170, 173; Wm. & Mary Quar., Vol. IV, pp. 27, 39; Bruce, Soc. Life of Va.

36. Jones' Virginia.

37. Thinking Virginians of today cannot but be gratified that the old erroneous belief concerning the origin of the aristocracy is being swept away. Why it should ever have been a matter of pride with old families to point to the English nobility of the 17th century as the class from which they sprang is not easy to understand. The lords of that day were usually corrupt, unscrupulous and quite unfit to found vigorous families in the "wilderness of America." How much better it is to know that the aristocracy of the colony was a product of Virginia itself! The self-respect, the power of command, the hospitality, the chivalry of the Virginians were not borrowed from England, but sprang into life on the soil of the Old Dominion. Amid the universal admiration and respect for Washington, Jefferson, Madison and Marshall, with what pride can the Virginian point to them as the products of his native state!

38. Bassett, Writings of Wm. Byrd, lxxxiii.

39. Fithian, Journal and Letters, p. 128.

40. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. I, p. 17.

41. Fiske, Old Va. and Her Neighbors, Vol. II, p. 221.

42. Force, Hist. Tracts, Vol. III.

43. The proofs of this statement are here omitted, as they are given at much length on pages 96 to 98 of this volume.

44. Virginia's Cure.

45. Abst. Proceedings Va. Co. of London, Vol. I, p. 154.

46. Abst. Proceedings Va. Co. of London, Vol. I, p. 160.

47. The word seating is used here in the sense of occupying.

48. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. V, p. 285.

49. An account of Virginia in 1676 written by Mrs. Thomas Slover says, "The planters' houses are built all along the sides of the rivers for the conveniency of shipping."

50. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. IV, p. 261.

51. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. XI, p. 56.

52. Hening's Statutes, Vol. II, p. 172.

53. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. II, p. 387.

54. McDonald Papers, Vol. VI, p. 213.

55. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. XI, p. 398.

56. Journal of Council, McDonald Papers, Vol. VII, pp. 457–566.

57. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. IV, p. 255.

58. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. XI, p. 56.

59. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. IV, p. 267.

60. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. IX, p. 277.

61. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. VI, p. 367.

62. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. VI, p. 3.

63. Jones' Virginia, p. 36.

64. Rowland, Life of Geo. Mason, Vol. I, pp. 101, 102; compare Fithian, Journal and Letters, pp. 67, 104, 130, 131, 138, 217, 259; Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. XI, p. 62; Fiske, Old Va. and Her Neighbors, Vol. II, pp. 208, 214, 217; Bruce, Econ. Hist. of Va. Vol. II, pp. 411, 418.

65. Force Hist. Tracts, Vol. II, Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. VI, p. 267.

66. Jones' Va., p. 49.

67. Fiske, Old Va. and Her Neighbors, Vol. II, p. 215.

68. Bruce, Soc. Life of Va., p. 133.

69. Jour. of Burg. 1688, pp. 81, 82; Sainsbury, Calendar of State Pap., Vol. IV, p. 252; McDonald Papers, Vol. VII, pp. 437–441.

70. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. VIII, p. 56.

71. Compare Voyages dans l'Amérique Septentrionale, Vol. II, p. 136. "On n'en pourra pas douter, si l'on considere qu'une autre cause agit encore en concurrence avec la premiere (heredity): je veux parler de l'esclavage; … parce que l'empire qu'on exerce fur eux, entretient la vanité & la paresse."

72. Page, The Old South, p. 157.

73. Compare Jour. of Coun. 1748, pp. 17, 18, and 19.

74. Wm. & Mary Quar., Vol. VI, p. 13.

75. Anbury, p. 329.

76. Guizot, Civ. in Europe, p. 117.

77. Jour. of Bour. Apl. 1696.

78. Marshall, Life of George Washington.

79. Dinwiddie Papers, Vol. II, p. 427.

80. Pict. Hist. of Eng., Vol. IV, p. 789.

81. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. I, p. 216.

82. Brown, First Rep. in America, p. 582.

83. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. VIII, p. 69.

84. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. II, p. 96; Bruce, Soc. Life of Va., p. 246.

85. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. III, p. 89. Compare McDonald Papers, Vol. V, p. 35.

86. Guizot, Hist. of Civ. in Europe, p. 106.

87. Hening, Statutes, Vol. II, p. 66.

88. Hening, Statutes, Vol. III, p. 268, Vol. V, p. 528.

89. Force, Hist. Tracts, Vol. I, Our Late Troubles, p. 8.

90. Force, Hist. Tracts, Vol. I, Ingram's Proceedings, p. 34.

91. Meade, Vol. II, pp. 180, 181.

92. Bernard, Retrospections of America, p. 150.

93. Bagby, The Old Va. Gentleman, p. 125.

94. Hening's Statutes, Vol. I, p. 391.

95. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. III, pp. 136, 141, 142.

96. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. III, p. 143.

97. Sainsbury, Cal. of State Pap., Vol. V, pp. 334, 336; 360–2.

98. Sainsbury, Cal. of State Pap., Vol. V, pp. 341–5.

99. Sainsbury, Cal. of State Pap., Vol. V, pp. 260–2.

100. Sainsbury, Cal. of State Pap., Vol. V, pp. 360–2.

101. Sainsbury, Cal. of State Pap., Vol. V, pp. 360–2.

102. Sainsbury, Cal. of State Pap., Vol. IX, pp. 131–2.

103. Wm. & Mary Quar., Vol. IX, p. 194.

104. Wm. & Mary Quar., Vol. VI, p. 184.

105. Page, The Old South, p. 158.

106. Bruce, Econ. Hist. of Va. Vol. II, p. 145–158.

107. Ibid., Vol. II, pp. 160–161.

108. Ibid., Vol. II, pp. 163–166.

109. Ibid., Vol. II, pp. 177–179.

110. Bruce, Econ. Hist. of Va., Vol. II, pp. 165–175.

111. Fithian, Journal and Letters, pp. 127–131.

112. Voyages dans l'Amérique Septentrionale, Tome II, p. 128.

113. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. VI, p. 347.

114. Meade, Vol. II, p. 331.

115. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. IX, p. 82.

116. Fithian, Journal and Letters, p. 251.

117. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. VI, p. 350.

118. Fithian, Journal and Letters, p. 148.

119. Wm. & Mary Quar., Vol. I, p. 123; Vol. II, p. 121.

120. Jones' Virginia.

121. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog. Vol. VIII, p. 334.

122. Fithian, Journals and Letters, p. 58.

123. Ibid., p. 75.

124. Bruce, Soc. Life in Va., p. 164.

125. Fithian, Journal and Letters, p. 113.

126. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog. Vol. VIII.

127. Wm. & Mary Quar. Vol. II, p. 247, 248.

128. Wm. & Mary Quar. Vol. II, p. 172.

129. Bruce, Econ. Hist. of Va. Vol. II, p. 175; Soc. Life of Va. p. 164.

130. Bruce, Soc. Life of Va., pp. 181–185.

131. Jones' Va.

132. Fithian, Journal and Letters, p. 63.

133. Ibid., pp. 94–97.

134. Fithian, Journal and Letters, pp. 59 and 83.

135. Ibid., p. 77.

136. Ibid., pp. 83 and 90.

137. Bassett, Writings of Wm. Byrd., Intro. XXV.

138. Anbury, Vol. II, p. 329.

139. Abstracts of Proceedings of Va. Company of London, Vol. II, p. 164.

140. Ibid., Vol. II, pp. 17 and 18; Bruce, Econ. Hist. of Va., Vol. I, p. 597.

141. Abstracts of Proceedings of Va. Company of London, Vol. I, pp. 26 and 34; Bruce, Econ. Hist. of Va., Vol. I, pp. 599–600.

142. Abstracts of Proceedings of Va. Company of London, Vol. I, pp. 162–164.

143. Bruce, Econ. Hist. of Va. Vol. I, p. 51.

144. Abstracts of Proceedings of Va. Company of London, Vol. I, pp. 130 and 138.

145. Force, Vol. III.

146. Abstracts of Proceedings of Va. Company of London, Vol. I, p. 12.

147. Bruce, Econ. Hist. of Va., Vol. I, p. 286.

148. Bruce, Soc. Life of Va., p. 17; Wm. & Mary Quar., Vol. IX, p. 61.

149. Bruce, Econ. Hist. of Va., Vol. I, pp. 576–584.

150. Force, Vol. III, Orders and Constitutions, p. 22.

151. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. VII, p. 191.

152. Ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 75.

153. Ibid., Vol. VI, p. 251.

154. Ibid., Vol. VI, p. 251.

155. Bruce, Econ. Hist. of Va., Vol. I, pp. 378, 477 and 480.

156. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. VI, p. 251.

157. Ibid., Vol. VII, p. 441.

158. Sainsbury Abstracts, year 1638, p. 8.

159. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. VI.

160. Abstracts of Proceedings of Va. Company of London, Vol. I, p. 92.

161. Neill, Virginia Carolorum.

162. Hening's Statutes, Vol. II.

163. Virginia Hist. Register, Vol. I, p. 63.

164. Neill, Virginia Carolorum; Hening's Statutes, Vol. II, p. 510.

165. Hening's Statutes, Vol. II, p. 510.

166. Bruce, Econ. Hist. of Va., Vol. I, pp. 576–584.

167. Ibid., Vol. I, p. 573.

168. Ibid., Vol. I, p. 574.

169. Bruce, Econ. Hist. of Va., Vol. I, p. 574.

170. Ibid., Vol. I, p. 608.

171. Ibid., Vol. I, p. 609.

172. Ibid., Vol. I, p. 610.

173. Beverley, Hist. of Va., p. 57.

174. Bruce, Econ. Hist. of Va., Vol. I, p. 611.

175. Hening's Statutes, Vol. II, p. 510.

176. Strachey's Historie of Travaile into Va., p. 63.

177. Percy's Discourse, p. lxxii.

178. Narratives of Early Va., pp. 21 and 22.

179. Ibid., p. 200.

180. Ibid., p. 220.

181. Abstracts of Proceedings of Va. Company of London, Vol. II, p. 171.

182. Neill, Va. Carolorum.

183. Hening's Statutes, Vol. II.

184. Force, Historical Tracts, Vol. II, New Albion.

185. Ibid., p. 5.

186. Bruce, Econ. Hist. of Va., Vol. I, p. 7.

187. Ibid., Vol. II, pp. 41 and 42; Jones' Va.

188. Bassett, Writings of Wm. Byrd, p. 47.

189. Ibid., pp. 75 and 76.

190. It is not to be supposed that these people are the ancestors of the eastern North Carolians of today. As they were cast off by society in Virginia, so were they crowded west by the influx of more industrious settlers in their new home and their descendants are at present to be found in the Blue Ridge and the Alleghanies.

191. Neill, Va. Carolorum.

192. Neill, Va. Carolorum; Bruce, Econ. Hist. of Va. Vol. II, p. 45.

193. Neill, Va. Carolorum; Force, Historical Tracts, Vol. III; Bruce, Econ. Hist. of Va., Vol. II, p. 45.

194. Bruce, Econ. Hist. of Va., Vol. II, p. 47.

195. Ibid., p. 118.

196. Bruce, Econ. Hist. of Va. Vol. I, p. 349.

197. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. I, p. 75.

198. Wm. & Mary Quar.

199. Bruce, Econ. Hist. of Va., Vol. I, p. 356.

200. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. I, p. 141.

201. Sainsbury Abstracts, for 1662, pp. 17 and 19; Bruce, Econ. Hist. of Va., Vol. I, pp. 389–390-391–392.

202. Bruce, Econ. Hist. of Va., Vol. I, p. 393.

203. Hening's Statutes, Vol. II, p. 238.

204. Ibid.

205. Ibid., Vol. II, p. 509.

206. Hening's Statutes, Vol. II.

207. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. I, p. 59; Vol. III, p. 134.

208. The commons of Charles City county said: "Sir William Berkeley, mindeing and aspiring to a sole and absolute power and command over us … did take upon him the sole nameing and appointing of other persons, such as himself best liked and thought fittest for his purposes."

209. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. III, p. 141.

210. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. III, p. 136.

211. Ibid., Vol. I, p. 60.

212. Ibid., Vol. III, p. 134.

213. Ibid., Vol. III, p. 136.

214. Va. Maga. of Hist. and Biog., Vol. III, p. 38; p. 136.

215. Beverley's Virginia; Wm. & Mary Quar., Vol. VI, p. 9.

216. Jones' Virginia.

217. Bruce, Econ. Hist. of Va., Vol. I, p. 572.

218. Force, Hist. Tracts.

219. Hening's Statutes, Vol. II, p. 515.

220. Bruce, Econ. Hist. of Va., Vol. II, p. 108.

221. Jones' Virginia.

222. Fiske, Old Va. and Her Neighbors, Vol. II, p. 189.

223. Voyages dans l'Amérique Septentrionale, Vol. II, p. 142; "C'est-là que, depuis que j'ai passé les mers, j'ai vu pour la premiere fois des pauvres. En effet, parmi ces riches plantations où le negre seul est malhereux, on trouve souvent de misérables cabanes hibitées par des blancs, dont la figure have & l'habillement déguenillé annoncent la pauvreté."