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Gels, dispersions with a high concentration of solid particles such as plastisol pastes, conductor pastes (electrotechnics), toothpaste, sealants, putties, emulsion paints, printing pastes, ceramic masses, lipstick, creams, ketchup, mayonnaise, chocolate melts, margarine, yogurts; semi-solid materials, concentrated surfactant systems

Yield points have great importance for practical users, and therefore, various methods for the acquisition of appropriate measurement values have been developed over the years – with quite a lot of creativity, obtaining more or less useful results. See also Chapters 3.3.6.4 (model functions, e. g. according to Bingham), 11.2.3d (slump test), 11.2.4a/c (inclined plate), 11.2.6d/e (inclined channel, Casagrande Apparatus), 11.2.7c (Kasumeter), 11.2.8b2 (falling rod), 11.2.9 (penetrometers), 11.2.11a/e/i (gelation test, Mini-Rotary), as well as Chapter 12.4.1a (guideline) and the index. Sometimes, there is distinguished between tests to determine the “apparent” or the “really existing” yield point (for more information on this discussion, see also [3.9] [3.24] [3.82]). Materials having a yield point often show “plastic behavior”, as they tend to flow inhomogeneously, and then, wall-slip effects should be taken into account (see also Chapter 3.3.4.3c).