Читать книгу Basic Japanese Kanji Volume 1 - Timothy G. Stout - Страница 7
Оглавление1
一
One
One (1) stroke One finger
■ Trace the gray lines, and then practice on your own.
■ Useful vocabulary: Write the character, and trace the gray ones.
| いち | ichi | one | |
| いちがつ | ichi gatsu | January | |
| ひとつ | hitotsu | one thing | |
| ひとり | hitori | one person | |
| ついたち | tsuitachi | 1st of the month |
2
二
Two
Two (2) strokes Two fingers
■ Trace the gray lines, and then practice on your own.
■ Useful vocabulary: Write the character, and trace the gray ones.
| に | ni | two | |
| ふたつ | futatsu | two things | |
| ふたり | futari | two people | |
| ふつか | futsuka | 2nd of the month | |
| はつか | hatsuka | 20th of the month |
* An asterisk denotes vocabulary with kanji that have not yet been introduced.
Yoshiko san wa, nigatsu hatsuka kara isshūkan, hokkaidō ni ikimashita. Ichinichime wa tsukarete nanimo dekimasendeshita ga, futsukame kara wa sukii o shitari, onsen ni haittari, karaoke ni ittari shite, totemo tanoshikatta desu. Rainen no fuyu wa, sunōbōdo o naraitai desu.
Questions 1-A
1. Yoshiko came home on (A. February 10, b. February 27, C. October 20, D. October 27).
2. Yoshiko could not do anything on the first day because (A. she was too excited, b. she had a cold, C. she was tired, D. it was very far).
3. Apart from skiing, how did Yoshiko enjoy her trip? (A. bathing in a hot spring, b. snow-boarding, C. riding a bullet train, D. eating sushi).
4. Yoshiko is looking forward to (A. going skiing again, b. having a Japanese bath next winter, C. going to Hokkaido again, D. learning snowboarding next winter).
3
三
Three
Three (3) strokes Three fingers
■ Trace the gray lines, and then practice on your own.
■ Useful vocabulary: Write the character, and trace the gray ones.
| さん | san | three | |
| さんぷん | sanpun | three minutes | |
| さんにん | sannin | three people | |
| みっつ | mittsu | three things | |
| みっか | mikka | 3rd day of the month |
4
四
Four
Five (5) strokes The roman numeral four
■ Trace the gray lines, and then practice on your own.
■ Useful vocabulary: Write the character, and trace the gray ones.
| よん、し | yon, shi | four | |
| よにん | yonin | four people | |
| よじ | yoji | four o’clock | |
| しがつ | shigatsu | April | |
| しこく | shikoku | shikoku Island |
* An asterisk denotes vocabulary with kanji that have not yet been introduced.
Boku wa Gureggu desu. Ōsaka ni iru chūgaku sannensei no Tarō kun ni ichigatsu kara mēru o okutte imasu. Tarō kun ni nihongo to eigo de mēru o kaku node, ii benkyō ni narimasu. Nihon no chūgakkō no koto ya Tarō kun no shumi ni tsuite hanashi ga dekiru node, totemo omoshiroi desu. Tarō kun wa, sangatsu ni chūgaku o sotsugyō shite, shigatsu kara kōkōsei ni naru sō desu.
Questions 1-B
1. What grade is Tarō in? (A. 3rd, b. 6th, C. 9th, D. 12th)
2. When did Greg begin writing his Japanese pen pal? (A. January, b. march, C. June, D. september)
3. What language did Greg use to write his pen pal? (A. Japanese, b. Japanese and english, C. mostly english, D. english)
4. When does the school year begin in Japan? (A. January, b. April, C. August, D. september)
5
五
Five
Four (4) strokes To “go” down five streets
■ Trace the gray lines, and then practice on your own.
■ Useful vocabulary: Write the character, and trace the gray ones.
| ご | go | five | |
| ごがつ | gogatsu | may | |
| ごばんめ | gobanme | 5th | |
| いつか | itsuka | 5th day of the month | |
| いつつ | itsutsu | five things |
6
六
six
Four (4) strokes Playing “roku” and roll on your six strings
■ Trace the gray lines, and then practice on your own.
■ Useful vocabulary: Write the character, and trace the gray ones.
| ろく | roku | six | |
| ろくがつ | rokugatsu | June | |
| ろくばんめ | rokubanme | 6th | |
| むっつ | muttsu | six things | |
| むいか | muika | 6th day of the month |
* An asterisk denotes vocabulary with kanji that have not yet been introduced.
Nihon dewa gogatsu ni gōrudenwiiku ga arimasu. Gakkō mo otōsan no shigoto mo yasumi datta node, kazoku de yama ni itte pikunikku o suru koto ni shimashita. Sono asa, watashi mo otōto mo wakuwaku shite rokuji ni okimashita. Okāsan wa, omusubi o muttsu tsukutte kuremashita. Yama no ue de tabeta omusubi wa, oishikatta desu.
Questions 1-C
1. What month is Golden Week in Japan? (A. march, b. may, C. July, D. september)
2. Where did the narrator’s family go for Golden Week? (A. the mountains, b. the river, C. the beach, D. the countryside)
3. What time did the narrator wake up? (A. 4 o’clock, b. 5 o’clock, C. 6 o’clock, D. 7 o’clock)
4. How many rice balls did the narrator’s mother make? (A. four, b. five, C. six, D. seven)
7
七
seven
Two (2) strokes A peeled ba“nana” looks like this.
■ Trace the gray lines, and then practice on your own.
■ Useful vocabulary: Write the character, and trace the gray ones.
| なな、しち | nana, shichi | seven | |
| ななじゅう | nanajū | seven | |
| ななひゃくえん | nanahyaku en | 700 yen | |
| しちごさん | shichigosan | 7-5-3 Festival | |
| なのか | nanoka | 7th day of the month | |
| ななつ | nanatsu | seven things |
8
八
eight
Two (2) strokes A person sneezing, “hachi”(oo)!”
■ Trace the gray lines, and then practice on your own.
■ Useful vocabulary: Write the character, and trace the gray ones.
| はち | hachi | eight | |
| ようか | yōka | 8th day of the month | |
| はっぷん | happun | eight minutes | |
| おやつ | oyatsu | between meal snack | |
| やおや | yaoya | vegetable stand |
* An asterisk denotes vocabulary with kanji that have not yet been introduced.
Keiko san wa bangohan ni, sarada o tabetai to omoimashita. Dakara, ekimae no yaoya de, retasu to kyūri to ninjin o kaimashita. Tomato mo kau tsumori deshita ga, yottsu de nana hyakuen mo shita node, kaimasen deshita. Kawari ni, hachijūen no serori o kaimashita.
Questions 1-D
1. Where did Keiko get the ingredients for dinner? (A. the grocery store, b. the farmers’ market, C. the vegetable stand, D. her vegetable garden)
2. What did Keiko buy first? (A. tomatoes, lettuce, and cucumbers, b. lettuce, cucumbers, and carrots, C. cucumbers, carrots, and tomatoes, D. carrots, tomatoes, and lettuce)
3. How much did the tomatoes cost? (A. 400 yen for four, b. 400 yen for seven, C. 700 yen for four, D. 700 yen for seven)
4. How much did the celery cost? (A. 80 yen, b. 100 yen, C. 110 yen, D. 180 yen)
9
九
nine
Two (s) strokes A hand reaching for something – nine is the number just before reaching 10.
■ Trace the gray lines, and then practice on your own.
■ Useful vocabulary: Write the character, and trace the gray ones.
| きゅう、く | kyū, ku | nine | |
| きゅうにん | kyūnin | nine people | |
| くがつ | kugatsu | september | |
| ここのか | kokonoka | 9th day of the month | |
| きゅうしゅう | kyūshū | Kyushu Island |
10
十
Ten
Two (2) strokes Two crossed arms include all ten fingers.
■ Trace the gray lines, and then practice on your own.
■ Useful vocabulary: Write the character, and trace the gray ones.
| じゅう | jū | ten | |
| じゅうえん | jū en | ten yen | |
| じゅうがつ | jūgatsu | October | |
| じゅっぷん/じっぷん | juppun/jippun | 10 minutes | |
| とおか | tōka | 10th day of the month |
* An asterisk denotes vocabulary with kanji that have not yet been introduced.
Kazuo kun wa, natsuyasumi ni okāsan to imōto to kyūshū e ikimashita. Sono toki, hajimete shinkansen ni norimashita. Soshite tōkakan itoko no uchi ni tomarimashita. Itoko no kazoku wa minna de rokunin desu ga, uchi wa totemo hiroi node, semai to omoimasen deshita.
Questions 1-E
1. When did Kazu visit his cousins? (A. during winter break, b. during spring break, C. during summer vacation, D. during fall holiday)
2. Who did Kazu travel with? (A. his father and little sister, b. his father and little brother, C. his mother and little sister, D. his mother and little brother)
3. How many people are in Kazu’s cousin’s family? (A. six, b. seven, C. eight, D. nine)
4. Where does Kazu most likely live? (A. Hokkaido, b. not in Hokkaido, C. Kyushu, D. not in Kyushu)
11
百
Hundred
six (6) strokes military captain of 100 wearing a kabuto (beetle) helmet.
■ Trace the gray lines, and then practice on your own.
■ Useful vocabulary: Write the character, and trace the gray ones.
| ひゃく | hyaku | 100 | |
| さんびゃく | sanbyaku | 300 | |
| はっぴゃく | happyaku | 800 | |
| ひゃくえん | hyaku en | 100 yen | |
| ひゃくねん | hyakunen | century, 100 years |
12
千
Thousand
Three (3) strokes One of the one thousand paper cranes
■ Trace the gray lines, and then practice on your own.
■ Useful vocabulary: Write the character, and trace the gray ones.
| せん | sen | 1,000 | |
| にせん | nisen | 2,000 | |
| さんぜん | sanzen | 3,000 | |
| なんぜん | nanzen | how many thousand? | |
| せんえん | sen en | 1,000 yen |
* An asterisk denotes vocabulary with kanji that have not yet been introduced.
Watashi wa raishū doitsu kara kita tomodachi to nikkō e iku koto ni shimashita. Haha wa okozukai o sanzen en kureru sō desu. Densha no kippu wa sen roppyaku sanju en de, obentō wa roppyaku en desu. nokori no nanahyakuen gurai de, kazoku ni omiyage o kau tsumori desu.
Questions 1-F
1. With whom is the writer going to nikko? (A. a tour group, b. a friend, C. a parent, D. classmates)
2. How much is the train fare? (A. 1,360 yen, b. 1,630 yen, C. 3,130 yen, D. 3,630 yen)
3. How much will lunch cost? (A. 500 yen, b. 600 yen, C. 700 yen, D. 800 yen)
4. For whom will the writer buy souvenirs? (A. friends, b. classmates, C. teachers, D. family)
13
万
Ten thousand
Three (3) strokes A marathon runner who has run ten thousand miles!
■ Trace the gray lines, and then practice on your own.
■ Useful vocabulary: Write the character, and trace the gray ones.
| いちまん | ichiman | ten thousand | |
| じゅうまん | jūman | hundred thousand | |
| ひゃくまん | hyakuman | one million | |
| まんがいち | mangaichi | by some chance |
14
円
Yen (currency of Japan); round
Four (4) strokes The image you see in your binoculars is round, and so are Japanese coins – yen.
■ Trace the gray lines, and then practice on your own.
■ Useful vocabulary: Write the character, and trace the gray ones.
| えん | en | Yen, circle | |
| いちえん | ichi en | one yen | |
| じゅうえん | jū en | ten yen | |
| ひゃくえん | hyaku en | 100 yen | |
| いちまんえん | ichiman en | 10,000 yen |
Nihon dewa jūrokusai de baiku no unten menkyo ga toremasu. Tarō san wa jūrokusai no tanjōbi ni jūsanman en no baiku ga hoshii sō desu. Otōsan ga hanbun no rokuman gosen en, ojiisan to obāsan ga yonmanen o haratte kureru sō desu. Nokori no niman gosen en wa Tarō san ga harau tsumori desu.
Questions 1-G
1. How old must one be to get a motorcycle license in Japan? (A. 16 years old, b. 17 years old, C. 18 years old, D. 20 years old)
2. How much does the motorcycle that Taro wants cost? (A. 90,000 yen, b. 110,000 yen, C. 130,000 yen, D. 150,000 yen)
3. How much will his father pay? (A. 55,000 yen, b. 60,000 yen, C. 65,000 yen, D. 70,000 yen)
4. How much does Taro need to pay? (A. 15,000 yen, b. 25,000 yen, C. 35,000 yen, D. 45,000 yen)
Lesson 1 Practice
A. Kanji Review
Write these kanji characters. You may refer to the mnemonic pictures for hints. (There is an answer key in the back of the book.)
B. Vocabulary Review
The following words and phrases use kanji related to numbers. Write the underlined words in kanji, and write the other parts in hiragana.
1. Vegetable stand (ya o ya)
2. best in the world (se ka i ichi)
3. One by one (hito tsu hito tsu)
4. Olympics (go ri n)
5. Triangle (san ka ku)
6. Square (shi ka ku)
7. Second (da i ni)
8. A turkey (shichi me n chō)
9. Always rebound from failure (nana ko ro bi ya o ki)
10. Red Cross (se ki jū ji)
11. Bamboo flute (sha ku hachi)
12. 7-5-3 Festival (shichi go san)
13. 10 yen coin (jū en dama)
14. Firstly (da i ichi ni)
C. Ordering at a Japanese Restaurant
Numbers are written both in kanji and Arabic numerals in Japan. As a general rule kanji are used when writing vertically, and Arabic numerals when writing horizontally. Japanese restaurant menus are usually written vertically, as the one below.
Refer to the menu above to tell the price of each of these items.
1. Yakisoba 550 yen
2. Shōyu-rāmen __________
3. Katsudon __________
4. Fried rice __________
5. Miso-rāmen __________
6. Japanese style hot pot __________
7. Beef bowl __________
8. Curry rice __________
9. What is the most expensive item on the menu? __________
10. If you had 1,000 yen for lunch, what would you order? __________
11. What is the change you’d receive? __________
D. Writing Japanese Addresses
When writing addresses, Arabic numerals are used for the seven-digit Japanese zip code (郵便番号), but kanji are typically used for other numbers. Complete the following addresses by writing the correct kanji, as indicated.
E. Large Numbers in Japanese
Western numbers are based on three-digit units (i.e., thousand, million, billion, trillion), but Japan’s and most Asian numbers are based on four-digit units (i.e., ten thousand = man, hundred million = oku, one trillion = chō). Although the last two units are not included in the list of core kanji they are included here briefly for illustration.
In English we do not commonly use numbers larger than the trillions, and this is also the case in Japanese.
If you give a large number to a Japanese person the first thing they usually do, is divide it into four-digit chunks. Take the following example.
Since the first number is in the ones’ place of the third chunk, it represents the value of oku, here it is san-oku. Then, there is a zero in the thousands’ place of the second chunk; zeros are ignored. Next, there is a one in the hundreds’ place, a one in the tens’ place, and a three in the ones’ place. These represent the values of hyaku jū san-man. Finally, there is a nine in the thousands’ place, a nine in the hundreds’ place, a four in the tens’ place and a seven in the ones’ place. These are handled just as in Western numbers, namely kyū-sen, kyū-hyaku yon-ju nana.
Again, one trick is to parse numbers into four-digit chunks. Also, recall that the zeros in large western numbers are not written in kanji. Try these.
Now, let’s go in the other direction, from Japanese to Arabic numerals. This is a bit tricky, but one helpful method for doing this is to make a line for each place value. Look at this example.
The highest value is in the ten thousands’ place, so the first line is drawn for the ten thousands’ place, and a line is drawn for each of the smaller place values. Then, the actual values are written in the appropriate blanks. First, 1 is written in the ten thousands’ place, 2 in the thousands’ place, 3 in the hundreds’ place, 8 in the tens’ place, and 8 in the ones’ place (12,388 ft.).
F. Time and Cost
The following table gives the time and cost of train travel from Tokyo Station to popular tourist destinations in Japan. Read the table and then write the times and costs in English below.
(Source: http://transit.goo.ne.jp/index.html Viewed August 2008)
G. Most Populous Cities in the World
Below are the 10 most populous cities in the world, listed out of order. Read the population figures, write them in Arabic numerals on the right, and then write the correct rankings on the left using kanji characters.
(Source: http://www.worldatlas.com/citypops.htm Viewed August 2008)
