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A plan is essential for any piece of writing. Before writing, divide the work into sections. For each section, make a list of the relevant points to be included and order them according to themes. Each of these themes can then be developed later into a paragraph. For instance, in the introduction to a scientific manuscript, the relevant points might be the overall field in which your interest lies, the specific area that you are working on and the question that you addressed. Each of these points would form the basis of one or more paragraphs in the introduction.

The plan should give an initial overview of how the work will look after writing. Naturally, the plan cannot account for all contingencies and may have to be modified to accommodate insertions and deletions as well as extensive rearrangement of the text.