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The distribution of molecules between gas and liquid phases in a chromatograph column is a special case of Henry's Law: the concentration of a gas dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in contact with that liquid.

The distribution constant (K_c) is defined for a specified solute A as the equilibrium concentration of A in the stationary phase divided by the equilibrium concentration of A in the mobile phase:

SCI‐FILE: (2.1)

Where the square brackets are a standard chemical shorthand for [the concentration of].