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The first step in a failure investigation involves gathering background information. This includes material, manufacturing process, circumstances surrounding the failure, engineering drawings, associated specifications and other background data. In addition to the failed component, it is also helpful to have an intact, unused, “exemplar” for examination. An experienced failure analyst can assist in the discovery process to obtain relevant documentation

 Information about the failure:

 Date and time of failure, temperature, and environment

 Extent of damage, sequence of failure, and injuries

 Stage of operation when failure occurred

 Blueprints, photographs, or sketches of the failure and adjacent areas

 Any service deviations that might have contributed to the failure

 Opinions of operating personnel regarding the failure

But for the analysis of some components, it may be impractical or impossible for the failure analyst to visit the failure site. Under these circumstances, data and samples may be collected at the site by field engineers or by other personnel under the direction of the failure analyst. A field failure report sheet or checklist can be used to ensure that all pertinent information regarding the failure is recorded.