Читать книгу The 2010 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 220

Agriculture - products:

wheat, corn, fruits, vegetables; livestock

Industries:

steel, coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, bauxite, vehicle assembly, textiles, tobacco products, wooden furniture, tank and aircraft assembly, domestic appliances, oil refining

Industrial production growth rate:

3.3% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 94

Electricity - production:

14.58 billion kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 81

Electricity - consumption:

11.62 billion kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 82

Electricity - exports:

6.024 billion kWh (2009 est.)

Electricity - imports:

3.04 billion kWh (2009 est.)

Oil - production:

0 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 203

Oil - consumption:

30,000 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 112

Oil - exports:

192 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 132

Oil - imports:

25,990 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 103

Oil - proved reserves:

0 bbl (1 January 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 102

Natural gas - production:

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 98

Natural gas - consumption:

310 million cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 97

Natural gas - exports:

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 52

Natural gas - imports:

310 million cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 62

Natural gas - proved reserves:

0 cu m (1 January 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 106

Current account balance:

-$887 million (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 131 -$1.283 billion (2009 est.)

Exports:

$4.787 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 109 $4.057 billion (2009 est.)

Exports - commodities:

metals, clothing, wood products

Exports - partners:

Croatia 19.07%, Slovenia 18.58%, Italy 16.87%, Germany 13.38%,

Austria 10.25% (2009)

Imports:

$9.403 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 91 $8.788 billion (2009 est.)

Imports - commodities:

machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs

Imports - partners:

Croatia 22.17%, Germany 14.04%, Slovenia 13.45%, Italy 11.89%,

Austria 6.61%, Hungary 5.74% (2009)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$2.8 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 87 $3.245 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Debt - external:

$7.996 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 91 $8.048 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Exchange rates:

konvertibilna markas (BAM) per US dollar - 1.5088 (2010), 1.4079 (2009), 1.3083 (2008), 1.4419 (2007), 1.5576 (2006)

Communications ::Bosnia and Herzegovina

Telephones - main lines in use:

998,600 (2009) country comparison to the world: 78

Telephones - mobile cellular:

3.257 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 110

Telephone system:

general assessment: post-war reconstruction of the telecommunications network, aided by a internationally sponsored program under EBRD, resulting in sharp increases in the number of fixed telephone lines available

domestic: fixed-line teledensity roughly 22 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership has been increasing rapidly and, in 2009, reached 70 telephones per 100 persons

international: country code - 387; no satellite earth stations (2009)

Broadcast media:

3 public TV broadcasters: Radio and TV of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Federation TV (operating 2 networks), and Serb Republic Radio-TV; a local commercial network of 5 TV stations; 2 private, near-national TV stations and dozens of small independent TV stations broadcasting; 3 large public radio broadcasters and a large number of private radio stations (2007)

Internet country code:

.ba

Internet hosts:

95,234 (2010) country comparison to the world: 79

Internet users:

1.422 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 85

Transportation ::Bosnia and Herzegovina

Airports:

25 (2010) country comparison to the world: 129

Airports - with paved runways:

total: 7

2,438 to 3,047 m: 4

1,524 to 2,437 m: 1

under 914 m: 2 (2010)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 18

1,524 to 2,437 m: 1

914 to 1,523 m: 6

under 914 m: 11 (2010)

Heliports:

5 (2010)

Railways:

total: 1,000 km country comparison to the world: 89 standard gauge: 1,000 km 1.435-m gauge (590 km electrified) (2008)

Roadways:

total: 21,846 km country comparison to the world: 107 paved: 11,425 km (4,714 km of interurban roads)

unpaved: 10,421 km (2006)

Waterways:

Sava River (northern border) open to shipping but use limited (2009)

Ports and terminals:

Bosanska Gradiska, Bosanski Brod, Bosanski Samac, and Brcko (all inland waterway ports on the Sava River), Orasje

Military ::Bosnia and Herzegovina

Military branches:

Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina (AFBiH): Army of Bosnia and

Herzegovina, Air and Air Defense Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina

(Zrakoplovstvo i Protuzracna Obrana, ZPO) (2010)

Military service age and obligation:

18 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in January 2006; 4-month service obligation; mandatory retirement at age 35 or after 15 years of service (2010)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 16–49: 1,194,832

females age 16–49: 1,156,698 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16–49: 980,425

females age 16–49: 948,791 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

male: 26,134

female: 24,518 (2010 est.)

Military expenditures:

4.5% of GDP (2005 est.) country comparison to the world: 20

Transnational Issues ::Bosnia and Herzegovina

Disputes - international:

sections along the Drina River remain in dispute between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia; discussions continue with Croatia on several small disputed sections of the boundary related to maritime access that hinder final ratification of the 1999 border agreement

Refugees and internally displaced persons:

refugees (country of origin): 7,269 (Croatia)

IDPs: 131,600 (Bosnian Croats, Serbs, and Bosniaks displaced in 1992–95 war) (2007)

Illicit drugs:

increasingly a transit point for heroin being trafficked to Western Europe; minor transit point for marijuana; remains highly vulnerable to money-laundering activity given a primarily cash-based and unregulated economy, weak law enforcement, and instances of corruption

page last updated on January 20, 2011

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@Botswana (Africa)

Introduction ::Botswana

Background:

Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name upon independence in 1966. Four decades of uninterrupted civilian leadership, progressive social policies, and significant capital investment have created one of the most dynamic economies in Africa. Mineral extraction, principally diamond mining, dominates economic activity, though tourism is a growing sector due to the country's conservation practices and extensive nature preserves. Botswana has one of the world's highest known rates of HIV/AIDS infection, but also one of Africa's most progressive and comprehensive programs for dealing with the disease.

Geography ::Botswana

Location:

Southern Africa, north of South Africa

Geographic coordinates: