Читать книгу The 2010 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 223

Flag description:

light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center; the blue symbolizes water in the form of rain, while the black and white bands represent racial harmony

National anthem:

name: "Fatshe leno la rona" (Our Land)

lyrics/music: Kgalemang Tumedisco MOTSETE

note: adopted 1966

Economy ::Botswana

Economy - overview:

Botswana has maintained one of the world's highest economic growth rates since independence in 1966, though growth fell below 5% in 2007–08, and turned sharply negative in 2009, with industry falling nearly 30%. Through fiscal discipline and sound management, Botswana transformed itself from one of the poorest countries in the world to a middle-income country with a per capita GDP of $13,100 in 2010. Two major investment services rank Botswana as the best credit risk in Africa. Diamond mining has fueled much of the expansion and currently accounts for more than one-third of GDP, 70–80% of export earnings, and about half of the government's revenues. Botswana's heavy reliance on a single luxury export was a critical factor in the sharp economic contraction of 2009. Tourism, financial services, subsistence farming, and cattle raising are other key sectors. Although unemployment was 7.5% in 2007 according to official reports, unofficial estimates place it closer to 40%. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS is second highest in the world and threatens Botswana's impressive economic gains. An expected leveling off in diamond mining production within the next two decades overshadows long-term prospects.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$26.56 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 112 $25.76 billion (2009 est.)

$27.23 billion (2008 est.)

note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):

$12.5 billion (2010 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

3.1% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 118 −5.4% (2009 est.)

2.9% (2008 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):

$13,100 (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 88 $12,900 (2009 est.)

$13,900 (2008 est.)

note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 2.3%

industry: 45.8%

services: 51.9% (2009 est.)

Labor force:

685,300 formal sector employees (2007) country comparison to the world: 151

Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture: NA%

industry: NA%

services: NA%

Unemployment rate:

7.5% (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 77

Population below poverty line:

30.3% (2003)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Distribution of family income - Gini index:

63 (1993) country comparison to the world: 4

Investment (gross fixed):

28.2% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 24

Public debt:

22.6% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 106 18.6% of GDP (2009 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

7.1% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 179 8.1% (2009 est.)

Central bank discount rate:

10% (31 December 2009) country comparison to the world: 19 15% (31 December 2008)

Commercial bank prime lending rate:

13.76% (31 December 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 35 16.54% (31 December 2008 est.)

Stock of narrow money:

$1.146 billion (31 December 2010 est) country comparison to the world: 136 $939.1 million (31 December 2009 est)

Stock of broad money:

$6.679 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 113 $5.357 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of domestic credit:

$1.361 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 139 $2.06 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares:

$3.991 billion (31 December 2009) country comparison to the world: 86 $3.556 billion (31 December 2008)

$5.887 billion (31 December 2007)

Agriculture - products:

livestock, sorghum, maize, millet, beans, sunflowers, groundnuts

Industries:

diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver; livestock processing; textiles

Industrial production growth rate:

6.9% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 43

Electricity - production:

1.052 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 143

Electricity - consumption:

2.648 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 130

Electricity - exports:

0 kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - imports:

2.181 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Oil - production:

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 119

Oil - consumption:

15,000 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 137

Oil - exports:

0 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 207

Oil - imports:

15,180 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 123

Oil - proved reserves:

0 bbl (1 January 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 198

Natural gas - production:

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 201

Natural gas - consumption:

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 114

Natural gas - exports:

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 51

Natural gas - imports:

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 78

Natural gas - proved reserves:

0 cu m (1 January 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 199

Current account balance:

-$552 million (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 118 -$762 million (2009 est.)

Exports:

$4.419 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 112 $3.385 billion (2009 est.)

Exports - commodities:

diamonds, copper, nickel, soda ash, meat, textiles

Imports:

$4.518 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 122 $4.243 billion (2009 est.)

Imports - commodities:

foodstuffs, machinery, electrical goods, transport equipment, textiles, fuel and petroleum products, wood and paper products, metal and metal products

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$7.834 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 58 $8.704 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Debt - external:

$2.222 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 137 $1.681 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Exchange rates:

pulas (BWP) per US dollar - 6.7413 (2010), 7.1602 (2009), 6.7907 (2008), 6.2035 (2007), 5.8447 (2006)

Communications ::Botswana

Telephones - main lines in use:

144,200 (2009) country comparison to the world: 133

Telephones - mobile cellular:

1.874 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 136

Telephone system:

general assessment: Botswana is participating in regional development efforts; expanding fully digital system with fiber-optic cables linking the major population centers in the east as well as a system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relays links, and radiotelephone communication stations

domestic: fixed-line teledensity has declined in recent years and now stands at roughly 7 telephones per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership is rapidly approaching a teledensity of 100 telephones per 100 persons

international: country code - 267; international calls are made via satellite, using international direct dialing; 2 international exchanges; digital microwave radio relay links to Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2008)

Broadcast media:

2 TV stations - 1 state-owned and 1 privately-owned; privately-owned satellite TV subscription service is available; 2 state-owned national radio stations; 3 privately-owned radio stations broadcast locally (2007)

Internet country code:

.bw

Internet hosts:

2,739 (2010) country comparison to the world: 148

Internet users:

120,000 (2009) country comparison to the world: 153

Transportation ::Botswana

Airports:

78 (2010) country comparison to the world: 71

Airports - with paved runways:

total: 9

2,438 to 3,047 m: 2

1,524 to 2,437 m: 6

914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2010)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 69

1,524 to 2,437 m: 4

914 to 1,523 m: 52

under 914 m: 13 (2010)

Railways:

total: 888 km country comparison to the world: 97 narrow gauge: 888 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)

Roadways:

total: 25,798 km country comparison to the world: 103 paved: 8,410 km

unpaved: 17,388 km (2005)

Military ::Botswana

Military branches:

Botswana Defense Force (BDF): Ground Forces Command, Air Arm

Command, Logistics Command (2010)

Military service age and obligation:

18 is the apparent age of voluntary military service; official minimum age is unknown (2001)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 16–49: 543,097

females age 16–49: 520,896 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16–49: 347,070

females age 16–49: 315,743 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

male: 23,496

female: 22,944 (2010 est.)

Military expenditures:

3.3% of GDP (2006) country comparison to the world: 38

Transnational Issues ::Botswana

Disputes - international:

Botswana still struggles to seal its border from thousands of Zimbabweans who flee economic collapse and political persecution; Namibia has long supported, and in 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections to, plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River at Kazungula crossing, thereby de facto recognizing the short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary

page last updated on January 19, 2011

======================================================================

@Bouvet Island (Antarctica)

Introduction ::Bouvet Island

Background:

This uninhabited volcanic island is almost entirely covered by glaciers and is difficult to approach. It was discovered in 1739 by a French naval officer after whom the island was named. No claim was made until 1825, when the British flag was raised. In 1928, the UK waived its claim in favor of Norway, which had occupied the island the previous year. In 1971, Norway designated Bouvet Island and the adjacent territorial waters a nature reserve. Since 1977, it has run an automated meteorological station on the island.

Geography ::Bouvet Island

Location:

island in the South Atlantic Ocean, southwest of the Cape of Good Hope (South Africa)

Geographic coordinates: