Читать книгу The 2008 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 190

Internet country code:

.ba

Internet hosts:

56,032 (2008)

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

3 (2000)

Internet users:

1.055 million (2007)

Transportation

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Airports:

28 (2007)

Airports - with paved runways:

total: 8 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 under 914 m: 3 (2007)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 20 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 12 (2007)

Heliports:

5 (2007)

Railways:

total: 608 km standard gauge: 608 km 1.435-m gauge (2006)

Roadways:

total: 21,846 km paved: 11,425 km (4,714 km of interurban roads) unpaved: 10,421 km (2006)

Waterways:

Sava River (northern border) open to shipping but use limited (2006)

Ports and terminals:

Bosanska Gradiska, Bosanski Brod, Bosanski Samac, and Brcko (all inland waterway ports on the Sava), Orasje

Military

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Military branches:

Bosnia and Herzegovina Armed Forces (OSBiH): Army of Bosnia and

Herzegovina, Air and Air Defense Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina

(Zrakoplovstvo i Protuzracna Obrana, ZPO) (2007)

Military service age and obligation:

17 years of age for voluntary military service in the Federation and in the Republika Srpska; conscription abolished January 2006; 4-month service obligation (2006)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 16–49: 1,212,007 females age 16–49: 1,170,645 (2008 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16–49: 996,225 females age 16–49: 962,927 (2008 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

male: 30,246 female: 28,189 (2008 est.)

Military expenditures:

4.5% of GDP (2005 est.)

Transnational Issues

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Disputes - international:

sections along the Drina River remain in dispute between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia; discussions continue with Croatia on several small disputed sections of the boundary related to maritime access that hinder final ratification of the 1999 border agreement

Refugees and internally displaced persons:

refugees (country of origin): 7,269 (Croatia) IDPs: 131,600 (Bosnian Croats, Serbs, and Muslims displaced in 1992–95 war) (2007)

Illicit drugs:

increasingly a transit point for heroin being trafficked to Western Europe; minor transit point for marijuana; remains highly vulnerable to money-laundering activity given a primarily cash-based and unregulated economy, weak law enforcement, and instances of corruption

This page was last updated on 18 December, 2008

======================================================================

@Botswana

Introduction

Botswana

Background:

Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name upon independence in 1966. Four decades of uninterrupted civilian leadership, progressive social policies, and significant capital investment have created one of the most dynamic economies in Africa. Mineral extraction, principally diamond mining, dominates economic activity, though tourism is a growing sector due to the country's conservation practices and extensive nature preserves. Botswana has one of the world's highest known rates of HIV/AIDS infection, but also one of Africa's most progressive and comprehensive programs for dealing with the disease.

Geography

Botswana

Location:

Southern Africa, north of South Africa

Geographic coordinates: