Читать книгу The 2008 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 193

Exchange rates:

pulas (BWP) per US dollar - 6.2035 (2007), 5.8447 (2006), 5.1104 (2005), 4.6929 (2004), 4.9499 (2003)

Communications

Botswana

Telephones - main lines in use:

136,900 (2006)

Telephones - mobile cellular:

1.427 million (2007)

Telephone system:

general assessment: the system is expanding with the growth of mobile-cellular service and participation in regional development; system is fully digital with fiber-optic cables linking the major population centers in the east; fixed-line connections declined in recent years and now stand at roughly 8 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone density currently is about 80 per 100 persons domestic: small system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and a few radiotelephone communication stations; mobile-cellular service is growing fast international: country code - 267; international calls are made via satellite, using international direct dialing; 2 international exchanges; digital microwave radio relay links to Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2007)

Radio broadcast stations:

AM 8, FM 13, shortwave 4 (2001)

Radios:

252,720 (2000)

Television broadcast stations:

2 (1 state-owned, 1 private)

Televisions:

31,000 (1997)

Internet country code:

.bw

Internet hosts:

6,374 (2008)

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

11 (2001)

Internet users:

80,000 (2007)

Transportation

Botswana

Airports:

85 (2007)

Airports - with paved runways:

total: 11 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2007)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 74 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 54 under 914 m: 17 (2007)

Railways:

total: 888 km narrow gauge: 888 km 1.067-m gauge (2006)

Roadways:

total: 25,798 km paved: 8,410 km unpaved: 17,388 km (2005)

Military

Botswana

Military branches:

Botswana Defense Force: Ground Forces, Air Wing (2008)

Military service age and obligation:

18 is the apparent age of voluntary military service; the official qualifications for determining minimum age are unknown (2001)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 16–49: 487,853 females age 16–49: 464,278 (2008 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16–49: 290,093 females age 16–49: 257,700 (2008 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

male: 23,007 female: 22,551 (2008 est.)

Military expenditures:

3.3% of GDP (2006)

Transnational Issues

Botswana

Disputes - international:

Botswana still struggles to seal its border from thousands of Zimbabweans who flee economic collapse and political persecution; Namibia has long supported, and in 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections to, plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River at Kazungula crossing, thereby de facto recognizing the short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary

This page was last updated on 18 December, 2008

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@Bouvet Island

Introduction

Bouvet Island

Background:

This uninhabited volcanic island is almost entirely covered by glaciers and is difficult to approach. It was discovered in 1739 by a French naval officer after whom the island was named. No claim was made until 1825, when the British flag was raised. In 1928, the UK waived its claim in favor of Norway, which had occupied the island the previous year. In 1971, Norway designated Bouvet Island and the adjacent territorial waters a nature reserve. Since 1977, it has run an automated meteorological station on the island.

Geography

Bouvet Island

Location:

island in the South Atlantic Ocean, southwest of the Cape of Good Hope (South Africa)

Geographic coordinates: