Читать книгу The 2009 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 108

Flag description:

two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle); red represents liberty, black the African continent, the symbols characterize workers and peasants

Economy ::Angola

Economy - overview:

Angola's high growth rate is driven by its oil sector, which has taken advantage of high international oil prices. Oil production and its supporting activities contribute about 85% of GDP. Increased oil production supported growth averaging more than 15% per year from 2004 to 2007. A postwar reconstruction boom and resettlement of displaced persons has led to high rates of growth in construction and agriculture as well. Much of the country's infrastructure is still damaged or undeveloped from the 27-year-long civil war. Remnants of the conflict such as widespread land mines still mar the countryside even though an apparently durable peace was established after the death of rebel leader Jonas SAVIMBI in February 2002. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for most of the people, but half of the country's food must still be imported. In 2005, the government started using a $2 billion line of credit, since increased to $7 billion, from China to rebuild Angola's public infrastructure, and several large-scale projects were completed in 2006. Angola also has large credit lines from Brazil, Portugal, Germany, Spain, and the EU. The central bank in 2003 implemented an exchange rate stabilization program using foreign exchange reserves to buy kwanzas out of circulation. This policy became more sustainable in 2005 because of strong oil export earnings; it has significantly reduced inflation. Although consumer inflation declined from 325% in 2000 to under 13% in 2008, the stabilization policy has put pressure on international net liquidity. Angola became a member of OPEC in late 2006 and in late 2007 was assigned a production quota of 1.9 million barrels a day, somewhat less than the 2–2.5 million bbl Angola's government had wanted. To fully take advantage of its rich national resources - gold, diamonds, extensive forests, Atlantic fisheries, and large oil deposits - Angola will need to implement government reforms, increase transparency, and reduce corruption. The government has rejected a formal IMF monitored program, although it continues Article IV consultations and ad hoc cooperation. Corruption, especially in the extractive sectors, and the negative effects of large inflows of foreign exchange, are major challenges facing Angola.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$112.8 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 63 $100.5 billion (2007 est.)

$82.94 billion (2006 est.)

note: data are in 2008 US dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):

$84.95 billion (2008 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

12.3% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 5 21.1% (2007 est.)

18.6% (2006 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):

$9,000 (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 112 $8,200 (2007 est.)

$6,900 (2006 est.)

note: data are in 2008 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 9.2%

industry: 65.8%

services: 24.6% (2008 est.)

Labor force:

7.569 million (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 58

Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture: 85%

industry and services: 15% (2003 est.)

Unemployment rate: