Читать книгу The 2009 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 185

Agriculture - products:

grain, potatoes, vegetables, sugar beets, flax; beef, milk

Industries:

metal-cutting machine tools, tractors, trucks, earthmovers, motorcycles, televisions, synthetic fibers, fertilizer, textiles, radios, refrigerators

Industrial production growth rate:

12% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 5

Electricity - production:

29.92 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 63

Electricity - consumption:

30.54 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 58

Electricity - exports:

5.062 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Electricity - imports:

9.406 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Oil - production:

32,950 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 68

Oil - consumption:

184,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 60

Oil - exports:

303,900 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 39

Oil - imports:

444,800 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 28

Oil - proved reserves:

198 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 58

Natural gas - production:

152 million cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 77

Natural gas - consumption:

21.75 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 34

Natural gas - exports:

0 cu m (2008) country comparison to the world: 48

Natural gas - imports:

21.6 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 13

Natural gas - proved reserves:

2.832 billion cu m (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 94

Current account balance:

-$5.063 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 158 -$3.042 billion (2007 est.)

Exports:

$33.04 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 61 $24.33 billion (2007 est.)

Exports - commodities:

machinery and equipment, mineral products, chemicals, metals, textiles, foodstuffs

Exports - partners:

Russia 32.2%, Netherlands 16.9%, Ukraine 8.5%, Latvia 6.6%, Poland 5.5%, UK 4.4% (2008)

Imports:

$39.16 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 55 $28.4 billion (2007 est.)

Imports - commodities:

mineral products, machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs, metals

Imports - partners:

Russia 59.8%, Germany 7.1%, Ukraine 5.4% (2008)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$2.687 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 98 $3.952 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Debt - external:

$15.15 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 77 $12.49 billion (31 December 2007)

Exchange rates:

Belarusian rubles (BYB/BYR) per US dollar - 2,130 (2008 est.), 2,145 (2007), 2,144.6 (2006), 2,150 (2005), 2,160.26 (2004)

Communications ::Belarus

Telephones - main lines in use:

3.718 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 41

Telephones - mobile cellular:

8.693 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 66

Telephone system:

general assessment: Belarus lags behind its neighbors in upgrading telecommunications infrastructure; state-owned Beltelcom is the sole provider of fixed-line local and long distance service; fixed-line teledensity of roughly 35 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone density of about 90 per 100 persons; modernization of the network progressing with roughly two-thirds of switching equipment now digital

domestic: fixed-line penetration is improving although rural areas continue to be underserved; 3 GSM wireless networks are experiencing rapid growth; strict government controls on telecommunications technologies

international: country code - 375; Belarus is a member of the Trans-European Line (TEL), Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line, and has access to the Trans-Siberia Line (TSL); 3 fiber-optic segments provide connectivity to Latvia, Poland, Russia, and Ukraine; worldwide service is available to Belarus through this infrastructure; additional analog lines to Russia; Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik earth stations (2008)

Radio broadcast stations:

AM 28, FM 37, shortwave 11 (1998)

Television broadcast stations:

47 (plus 27 repeaters) (1995)

Internet country code:

.by

Internet hosts:

113,115 (2009) country comparison to the world: 70

Internet users:

3.107 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 57

Transportation ::Belarus

Airports:

65 (2009) country comparison to the world: 75

Airports - with paved runways:

total: 35

over 3,047 m: 2

2,438 to 3,047 m: 22

1,524 to 2,437 m: 3

914 to 1,523 m: 1

under 914 m: 7 (2009)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 30

2,438 to 3,047 m: 2

1,524 to 2,437 m: 1

914 to 1,523 m: 2

under 914 m: 25 (2009)

Heliports:

1 (2009)

Pipelines:

gas 5,250 km; oil 1,528 km; refined products 1,730 km (2008)

Railways:

total: 5,538 km country comparison to the world: 32 broad gauge: 5,512 km 1.520-m gauge (874 km electrified)

standard gauge: 25 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)

Roadways:

total: 94,797 km country comparison to the world: 48 paved: 84,028 km

unpaved: 10,769 km (2005)

Waterways:

2,500 km (use limited by location on perimeter of country and by shallowness) (2003) country comparison to the world: 36

Ports and terminals:

Mazyr

Military ::Belarus

Military branches:

Belarus Armed Forces: Land Force, Air and Air Defense Force (2009)

Military service age and obligation:

18–27 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 18 months (2005)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 16–49: 2,491,643

females age 16–49: 2,528,779 (2008 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16–49: 1,720,049

females age 16–49: 2,069,898 (2009 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

male: 60,009

female: 56,834 (2009 est.)

Military expenditures:

1.4% of GDP (2005 est.) country comparison to the world: 117

Transnational Issues ::Belarus

Disputes - international:

Boundary demarcated with Latvia and Lithuania in 2006; 1997 boundary delimitation treaty with Ukraine remains unratified over unresolved financial claims, preventing demarcation and diminishing border security

Illicit drugs:

limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for the domestic market; transshipment point for illicit drugs to and via Russia, and to the Baltics and Western Europe; a small and lightly regulated financial center; anti-money-laundering legislation does not meet international standards and was weakened further when know-your-customer requirements were curtailed in 2008; few investigations or prosecutions of money-laundering activities (2008)

page last updated on November 11, 2009

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@Belgium (Europe)

Introduction ::Belgium

Background:

Belgium became independent from the Netherlands in 1830; it was occupied by Germany during World Wars I and II. The country prospered in the past half century as a modern, technologically advanced European state and member of NATO and the EU. Tensions between the Dutch-speaking Flemings of the north and the French-speaking Walloons of the south have led in recent years to constitutional amendments granting these regions formal recognition and autonomy.

Geography ::Belgium

Location:

Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between France and the

Netherlands

Geographic coordinates: