Читать книгу The 2009 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 175

Flag description:

green field with a large red disk shifted slightly to the hoist side of center; the red disk represents the rising sun and the sacrifice to achieve independence; the green field symbolizes the lush vegetation of Bangladesh

Economy ::Bangladesh

Economy - overview:

The economy has grown 5–6% per year since 1996 despite inefficient state-owned enterprises, delays in exploiting natural gas resources, insufficient power supplies, and slow implementation of economic reforms. Bangladesh remains a poor, overpopulated, and inefficiently-governed nation. Although more than half of GDP is generated through the service sector, nearly two-thirds of Bangladeshis are employed in the agriculture sector, with rice as the single-most-important product. Garment exports and remittances from Bangladeshis working overseas, mainly in the Middle East and East Asia, fuel economic growth. In 2008 Bangladesh pursued a monetary policy aimed at maintaining high employment, but created higher inflation in the process.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$226.4 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 50 $214 billion (2007 est.)

$201.5 billion (2006 est.)

note: data are in 2008 US dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):

$84.2 billion (2008 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

5.8% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 67 6.2% (2007 est.)

6.4% (2006 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):

$1,500 (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 197 $1,400 (2007 est.)

$1,300 (2006 est.)

note: data are in 2008 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 19.1%

industry: 28.6%

services: 52.3% (2008 est.)

Labor force:

70.86 million country comparison to the world: 8 note: extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Qatar, and Malaysia; workers' remittances estimated at $4.8 billion in 2005–06. (2008 est.)

Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture: 63%

industry: 11%

services: 26% (FY95/96)

Unemployment rate:

2.5% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 27 2.5% (2007 est.)

Population below poverty line:

45% (2004 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

lowest 10%: 4.3%

highest 10%: 26.6% (2005)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:

33.2 (2005) country comparison to the world: 94 33.6 (1996)

Investment (gross fixed):

24.3% of GDP (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 55

Budget:

revenues: $8.825 billion

expenditures: $12.54 billion (2008 est.)

Public debt:

39.4% of GDP (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 57 43% of GDP (2004 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

8.9% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 138 9.1% (2007 est.)

Central bank discount rate:

5% (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 99 5% (31 December 2007)

Commercial bank prime lending rate:

16.38% (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 37 16% (31 December 2007)

Stock of money:

$9.294 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 46 $8.444 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of quasi money:

$37.98 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 30 $32.35 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of domestic credit:

$47.03 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 50 $40.1 billion (31 December 2007)

Market value of publicly traded shares:

$6.671 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 78 $6.793 billion (31 December 2007)

$3.61 billion (31 December 2006)

Agriculture - products:

rice, jute, tea, wheat, sugarcane, potatoes, tobacco, pulses, oilseeds, spices, fruit; beef, milk, poultry

Industries:

cotton textiles, jute, garments, tea processing, paper newsprint, cement, chemical fertilizer, light engineering, sugar

Industrial production growth rate:

6.9% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 31

Electricity - production:

22.99 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 68

Electricity - consumption:

21.38 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 66

Electricity - exports:

0 kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - imports:

0 kWh (2008 est.)

Oil - production:

6,426 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 92

Oil - consumption:

95,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 76

Oil - exports:

2,612 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 110

Oil - imports:

87,660 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 69

Oil - proved reserves:

28 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 81

Natural gas - production:

17.9 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 31

Natural gas - consumption:

17.9 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 37

Natural gas - exports:

0 cu m (2008) country comparison to the world: 52

Natural gas - imports:

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 78

Natural gas - proved reserves:

141.6 billion cu m (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 48

Current account balance:

$1.032 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 47 $856.8 million (2007 est.)

Exports:

$15.44 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 77 $12.47 billion (2007 est.)

Exports - commodities:

garments, jute and jute goods, leather, frozen fish and seafood

Exports - partners:

US 21%, Germany 13.2%, UK 8.6%, France 6.3%, Netherlands 4.7% (2008)

Imports:

$21.51 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 71 $16.67 billion (2007 est.)

Imports - commodities:

machinery and equipment, chemicals, iron and steel, textiles, foodstuffs, petroleum products, cement

Imports - partners:

China 14.7%, India 14.7%, Kuwait 7.5%, Singapore 7.1%, Japan 4.1% (2008)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$5.789 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 80 $5.278 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Debt - external:

$22.83 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 69 $21.23 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:

$5.971 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 88 $5.261 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:

$97 million (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 79

Exchange rates:

taka (BDT) per US dollar - 68.554 (2008 est.), 69.893 (2007), 69.031 (2006), 64.328 (2005), 59.513 (2004)

Communications ::Bangladesh

Telephones - main lines in use:

1.39 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 67

Telephones - mobile cellular:

45.75 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 22

Telephone system:

general assessment: inadequate for a modern country; fixed-line telephone density remains less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone subscribership has been increasing rapidly and has reached 30 per 100 persons

domestic: modernizing; introducing digital systems; trunk systems include VHF and UHF microwave radio relay links, and some fiber-optic cable in cities

international: country code - 880; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-4 fiber-optic submarine cable system that provides links to Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; satellite earth stations - 6; international radiotelephone communications and landline service to neighboring countries (2008)

Radio broadcast stations:

AM 15, FM 13, shortwave 2 (2006)

Television broadcast stations:

15 (1999)

Internet country code:

.bd

Internet hosts:

4,209 (2009) country comparison to the world: 135

Internet users:

556,000 (2008) country comparison to the world: 104

Transportation ::Bangladesh

Airports:

17 (2009) country comparison to the world: 139

Airports - with paved runways:

total: 15

over 3,047 m: 2

2,438 to 3,047 m: 2

1,524 to 2,437 m: 6

914 to 1,523 m: 1

under 914 m: 4 (2009)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 2

1,524 to 2,437 m: 1

under 914 m: 1 (2009)

Pipelines:

gas 2,597 km (2008)

Railways:

total: 2,768 km country comparison to the world: 60 broad gauge: 946 km 1.676-m gauge

narrow gauge: 1,822 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Roadways:

total: 239,226 km country comparison to the world: 21 paved: 22,726 km

unpaved: 216,500 km (2003)

Waterways:

8,370 km country comparison to the world: 17 note: includes up to 3,060 km main cargo routes; network reduced to 5,200 km in dry season (2007)

Merchant marine:

total: 40 country comparison to the world: 77 by type: bulk carrier 3, cargo 27, container 5, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 4

foreign-owned: 1 (China 1)

registered in other countries: 10 (Comoros 2, Honduras 1, Malta 2, Panama 2, Singapore 2, Togo 1) (2008)

Ports and terminals:

Chittagong, Mongla Port

Transportation - note:

the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial waters of Bangladesh as high risk for armed robbery against ships; numerous commercial vessels have been attacked both at anchor and while underway; crews have been robbed and stores or cargoes stolen

Military ::Bangladesh

Military branches:

Bangladesh Defense Force: Bangladesh Army (Sena Bahini), Bangladesh Navy (Noh Bahini, BN), Bangladesh Air Force (Biman Bahini, BAF) (2009)

Military service age and obligation:

16 years of age for voluntary military service; 17 years of age for officers (both with parental consent); conscription legally possible in emergency, but has never been implemented (2008)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 16–49: 41,199,340 (2008 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16–49: 24,946,041

females age 16–49: 31,409,069 (2009 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

male: 1,538,865

female: 1,666,670 (2009 est.)

Military expenditures:

1.5% of GDP (2006) country comparison to the world: 105

Transnational Issues ::Bangladesh

Disputes - international:

discussions with India remain stalled to delimit a small section of river boundary, exchange territory for 51 small Bangladeshi exclaves in India and 111 small Indian exclaves in Bangladesh, allocate divided villages, and stop illegal cross-border trade, migration, violence, and transit of terrorists through the porous border; Bangladesh protests India's fencing and walling off high-traffic sections of the porous boundary; a joint Bangladesh-India boundary commission resurveyed and reconstructed 92 missing pillars in 2007; dispute with India over New Moore/South Talpatty/Purbasha Island in the Bay of Bengal deters maritime boundary delimitation; after 21 years, Bangladesh resumes talks with Burma on delimiting a maritime boundary

Refugees and internally displaced persons:

refugees (country of origin): 26,268 (Burma)

IDPs: 65,000 (land conflicts, religious persecution) (2007)

Illicit drugs:

transit country for illegal drugs produced in neighboring countries

page last updated on November 11, 2009

======================================================================

@Barbados (Central America and Caribbean)

Introduction ::Barbados

Background:

The island was uninhabited when first settled by the British in 1627. Slaves worked the sugar plantations established on the island until 1834 when slavery was abolished. The economy remained heavily dependent on sugar, rum, and molasses production through most of the 20th century. The gradual introduction of social and political reforms in the 1940s and 1950s led to complete independence from the UK in 1966. In the 1990s, tourism and manufacturing surpassed the sugar industry in economic importance.

Geography ::Barbados

Location:

Caribbean, island in the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela

Geographic coordinates: