Читать книгу The 2009 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 156
ОглавлениеReserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$16.7 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 57 $18.22 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Debt - external:
$832.8 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 13 $801.4 billion (31 December 2007)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$261.9 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 18 $247.9 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$270 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 14 $240.9 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Exchange rates:
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.6827 (2008 est.), 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004)
Communications ::Austria
Telephones - main lines in use:
3.285 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 47
Telephones - mobile cellular:
10.816 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 58
Telephone system:
general assessment: highly developed and efficient
domestic: fixed-line subscribership has been in decline since the mid-1990s with mobile-cellular subscribership eclipsing it by the late 1990s; the fiber-optic net is very extensive; all telephone applications and Internet services are available
international: country code - 43; satellite earth stations - 15; in addition, there are about 600 VSATs (very small aperture terminals) (2007)
Radio broadcast stations:
AM 2, FM 65 (plus several hundred repeaters), shortwave 1 (2001)
Television broadcast stations:
10 (plus more than 1,000 repeaters) (2001)
Internet country code:
.at
Internet hosts:
2.992 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 26
Internet users:
5.937 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 39
Transportation ::Austria
Airports:
55 (2009) country comparison to the world: 84
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 25
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 5
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 14 (2009)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 30
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 26 (2009)
Heliports:
1 (2009)
Pipelines:
gas 2,721 km; oil 663 km; refined products 157 km (2008)
Railways:
total: 6,399 km country comparison to the world: 29 standard gauge: 5,927 km 1.435-m gauge (3,688 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 384 km 1.000-m gauge (15 km electrified); 88 km 0.760-m gauge (10 km electrified) (2008)
Roadways:
total: 107,262 km country comparison to the world: 39 paved: 107,262 km (includes 1,677 km of expressways) (2006)
Waterways:
358 km (2007) country comparison to the world: 90
Merchant marine:
total: 4 country comparison to the world: 134 by type: cargo 2, container 2
foreign-owned: 2 (Netherlands 2)
registered in other countries: 4 (Cyprus 1, Malta 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2) (2008)
Ports and terminals:
Enns, Krems, Linz, Vienna
Military ::Austria
Military branches:
Land Forces (KdoLdSK), Air Forces (KdoLuSK)
Military service age and obligation:
18–35 years of age for compulsory military service; 16 years of age for male or female voluntary service; service obligation 6 months of training, followed by an 8-year reserve obligation (2009)
Manpower available for military service:
males age 16–49: 1,986,411
females age 16–49: 1,944,834 (2008 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
males age 16–49: 1,607,456
females age 16–49: 1,576,335 (2009 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
male: 50,540
female: 48,042 (2009 est.)
Military expenditures:
0.9% of GDP (2005 est.) country comparison to the world: 140
Transnational Issues ::Austria
Disputes - international:
while threats of international legal action never materialized in 2007, 915,220 Austrians, with the support of the newly elected Freedom Party, signed a petition in January 2008, demanding that Austria block the Czech Republic's accession to the EU unless Prague closed its nuclear power plant in Temelin, bordering Austria
Illicit drugs:
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; increasing consumption of European-produced synthetic drugs
page last updated on November 11, 2009
======================================================================
@Azerbaijan (Middle East)
Introduction ::Azerbaijan
Background:
Azerbaijan - a nation with a majority-Turkic and majority-Muslim population - was briefly independent from 1918 to 1920; it regained its independence after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Despite a 1994 cease-fire, Azerbaijan has yet to resolve its conflict with Armenia over the Azerbaijani Nagorno-Karabakh region (largely Armenian populated). Azerbaijan has lost 16% of its territory and must support some 600,000 internally displaced persons as a result of the conflict. Corruption is ubiquitous, and the government has been accused of authoritarianism. Although the poverty rate has been reduced in recent years, the promise of widespread wealth from development of Azerbaijan's energy sector remains largely unfulfilled.
Geography ::Azerbaijan
Location:
Southwestern Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and
Russia, with a small European portion north of the Caucasus range
Geographic coordinates:
