Читать книгу The 2009 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 155

Flag description:

three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and red; the flag design is certainly one of the oldest - if not the oldest - national banners in the world; according to tradition, following a fierce battle in the Third Crusade, Duke Leopold V of Austria's white tunic became completely blood-spattered; upon removal of his wide belt or sash, a white band was revealed; the red-white-red color combination was subsequently adopted as his banner

Economy ::Austria

Economy - overview:

Austria, with its well-developed market economy and high standard of living, is closely tied to other EU economies, especially Germany's. Its economy features a large service sector, a sound industrial sector, and a small, but highly developed agricultural sector. Following several years of solid foreign demand for Austrian exports and record employment growth, the global economic downturn in 2008 led to a recession that is likely to persist through 2009. The government's stabilization measures could increase the budget deficit to about 2.8% of GDP in 2009 and above 3% in 2010, from about 0.6% in 2008. The Austrian economy has benefited greatly in the past from strong commercial relations, especially in the banking and insurance sectors, with central, eastern, and southeastern Europe, but these sectors have been vulnerable to recent international financial instabilities, and some of Austria's largest banks have required government support. Even after the global economic outlook improves, Austria will need to continue restructuring, emphasizing knowledge-based sectors of the economy, and encouraging greater labor flexibility and greater labor participation to offset its aging population and exceedingly low fertility rate.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$331.2 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 37 $324.7 billion (2007 est.)

$313.7 billion (2006 est.)

note: data are in 2008 US dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):

$414.8 billion (2008 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

2% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 159 3.5% (2007 est.)

3.5% (2006 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):

$40,400 (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 21 $39,600 (2007 est.)

$38,300 (2006 est.)

note: data are in 2008 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 1.9%

industry: 30.7%

services: 67.4% (2008 est.)

Labor force:

3.633 million (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 95

Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture: 5.5%

industry: 27.5%

services: 67% (2005 est.)

Unemployment rate:

3.9% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 45 4.4% (2007 est.)

Population below poverty line:

5.9% (2004)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

lowest 10%: 3.3%

highest 10%: 22.5% (2004)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:

26 (2007) country comparison to the world: 125 31 (1995)

Investment (gross fixed):

22.4% of GDP (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 76

Budget:

revenues: $196.4 billion

expenditures: $200.7 billion (2008 est.)

Public debt:

62.6% of GDP (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 22 64.2% of GDP (2004 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

3.2% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 39 2.2% (2007 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate:

6.82% (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 128 6.3% (31 December 2007)

Stock of domestic credit:

$606.2 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 18 $504.8 billion (31 December 2007)

Market value of publicly traded shares:

$NA (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 34 $228.7 billion (31 December 2007)

$191.3 billion (31 December 2006)

Agriculture - products:

grains, potatoes, sugar beets, wine, fruit; dairy products, cattle, pigs, poultry; lumber

Industries:

construction, machinery, vehicles and parts, food, metals, chemicals, lumber and wood processing, paper and paperboard, communications equipment, tourism

Industrial production growth rate:

2.4% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 98

Electricity - production:

58.64 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 43

Electricity - consumption:

61.89 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 38

Electricity - exports:

14.93 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - imports:

19.8 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Oil - production:

24,850 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 72

Oil - consumption:

285,400 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 46

Oil - exports:

45,580 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 79

Oil - imports:

305,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 38

Oil - proved reserves:

50 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 76

Natural gas - production:

1.532 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 60

Natural gas - consumption:

8.65 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 50

Natural gas - exports:

2.788 billion cu m (2008) country comparison to the world: 32

Natural gas - imports:

10.05 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 23

Natural gas - proved reserves:

16.14 billion cu m (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 77

Current account balance:

$14.27 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 24 $12.03 billion (2007 est.)

Exports:

$179.1 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 27 $162.1 billion (2007 est.)

Exports - commodities:

machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, paper and paperboard, metal goods, chemicals, iron and steel, textiles, foodstuffs

Exports - partners:

Germany 29.5%, Italy 8.6%, US 4.3%, Switzerland 4.2% (2008)

Imports:

$179.2 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 24 $160.3 billion (2007 est.)

Imports - commodities:

machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, metal goods, oil and oil products; foodstuffs

Imports - partners:

Germany 44.5%, Italy 7.1%, Switzerland 5.2%, Netherlands 4.1% (2008)