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Exchange rates:

Bermudian dollars (BMD) per US dollar - 1.0000 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar)

Communications ::Bermuda

Telephones - main lines in use:

57,600 (2008) country comparison to the world: 159

Telephones - mobile cellular:

79,000 (2008) country comparison to the world: 188

Telephone system:

general assessment: good

domestic: fully automatic digital telephone system; fiber optic trunk lines

international: country code - 1–441; landing point for the Atlantica-1 telecommunications submarine cable that extends from the US to Brazil; satellite earth stations - 3 (2007)

Radio broadcast stations:

AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0 (2005)

Television broadcast stations:

3 (2005)

Internet country code:

.bm

Internet hosts:

15,548 (2009) country comparison to the world: 107

Internet users:

51,000 (2008) country comparison to the world: 169

Transportation ::Bermuda

Airports:

1 (2009) country comparison to the world: 235

Airports - with paved runways:

total: 1

2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2009)

Roadways:

total: 447 km country comparison to the world: 194 paved: 447 km

note: public roads - 225 km; private roads - 222 km (2007)

Merchant marine:

total: 137 country comparison to the world: 44 by type: bulk carrier 23, chemical tanker 3, container 22, liquefied gas 33, passenger 24, passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 18, refrigerated cargo 9

foreign-owned: 115 (Australia 1, China 10, France 1, Germany 22, Greece 9, Hong Kong 4, Ireland 1, Israel 3, Japan 2, Nigeria 11, Norway 5, Sweden 20, UK 3, US 23)

registered in other countries: 50 (Bahamas 12, Marshall Islands 4, Philippines 34) (2008)

Ports and terminals:

Hamilton, Saint George

Military ::Bermuda

Military branches:

Bermuda Regiment (2008)

Military service age and obligation:

18–30 years of age for voluntary or compulsory enlistment in the Bermuda Regiment; males must register at age 18; term of service is 38 months (2009)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 16–49: 15,623 (2008 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16–49: 12,496

females age 16–49: 12,486 (2009 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

male: 426

female: 413 (2009 est.)

Military expenditures:

0.11% of GDP (2005 est.) country comparison to the world: 171

Military - note:

defense is the responsibility of the UK

Transnational Issues ::Bermuda

Disputes - international:

none

page last updated on November 11, 2009

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@Bhutan (South Asia)

Introduction ::Bhutan

Background:

In 1865, Britain and Bhutan signed the Treaty of Sinchulu, under which Bhutan would receive an annual subsidy in exchange for ceding some border land to British India. Under British influence, a monarchy was set up in 1907; three years later, a treaty was signed whereby the British agreed not to interfere in Bhutanese internal affairs and Bhutan allowed Britain to direct its foreign affairs. This role was assumed by independent India after 1947. Two years later, a formal Indo-Bhutanese accord returned the areas of Bhutan annexed by the British, formalized the annual subsidies the country received, and defined India's responsibilities in defense and foreign relations. A refugee issue of over 100,000 Bhutanese in Nepal remains unresolved; 90% of the refugees are housed in seven United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) camps. In March 2005, King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK unveiled the government's draft constitution - which would introduce major democratic reforms - and pledged to hold a national referendum for its approval. In December 2006, the King abdicated the throne to his son, Jigme Khesar Namgyel WANGCHUCK, in order to give him experience as head of state before the democratic transition. In early 2007, India and Bhutan renegotiated their treaty to allow Bhutan greater autonomy in conducting its foreign policy, although Thimphu continues to coordinate policy decisions in this area with New Delhi. In July 2007, seven ministers of Bhutan's ten-member cabinet resigned to join the political process, and the cabinet acted as a caretaker regime until democratic elections for seats to the country's first parliament were completed in March 2008. The king ratified the country's first constitution in July 2008.

Geography ::Bhutan

Location:

Southern Asia, between China and India

Geographic coordinates: